ہمایوں کبیر
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ہمایوں کبیر صاحب نے انتقال کیا، وہ اس دور کے لائق ترین مسلمانوں میں تھے اور اپنے ذوق کے اعتبار سے علمی و تعلیمی لائن کے آدمی تھے لیکن انھوں نے سیاست کا پُر خار راستہ اختیار کیا، اس لیے اس میں کامیاب نہ ہوسکے، علمی و تعلیمی لائن میں وہ زیادہ مفید کام انجام دے سکتے تھے، ان میں بعض خامیوں کے باوجود اسلامی حمیت پوری طرح موجود تھی جس کا اظہار ان کی تقریروں میں ہوتا رہتا تھا، وہ مولانا ابوالکلام کے شعبۂ میں رہ چکے تھے، اس لیے دارالمصنفین سے بھی واقف اور اس کے بڑے قدردان تھے، چنانچہ انھوں نے مولانا کے بعد بھی دارالمصنفین کے کاموں میں بڑی مدد پہنچائی، اب جو اور جیسا مسلمان بھی اٹھتا ہے، اس کا بدل نہیں مل سکتا، اس لیے ان کی جگہ بھی خالی رہے گی، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی خامیوں اور خطاؤں سے درگذر کرکے ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، ستمبر ۱۹۶۹ء)
Assyrian Text is witnessed that women used veil for face covering with an additional piece of cloth about 13 centuries before the Christ. Then history of mankind displays veil in Egyptian society that was transparent and normally white in color. We found a handful evidences in Greek literature regarding veiling of face. History travels to Anglo-Saxon age and witnessed that women used veil to cover their hair of head. The head covering shows a biological reasoning also. Roman culture was the culture of fantasy, the veils were full of colorful, and multi designed veil arranged by flowers and different beautiful substantial. In Roman, veil developed from only head covering to shoulder covering and then from head to back covering. British regime also enrich the history of veil. There was beautiful designed, decorated with net clothes and covered with beautiful embroidery. The veil was empowered by elite community in England. Later it was popularized as a fashion in colonial communities. Through this thorough historic discussion, it is approved that veil used by women has a long history as the human history. In religious context, Hinduism is understood as the oldest religion on globe, it is found that in Harappan times about 2500 BC, Aryan women used to wear full body covering single cloth from head covering to foot, which was preached in Hindu religious book Vedas also, later the single cloth was known as Sari. And after the introduction of Christianity, Veil was introduced as a compulsory symbol of religion. Veil of whole body with strict rules can be seen in the form of Christian nun. Later, Islam explained veil of women in public as an obligatory sign. Islam is the youngest religion on earth, it was published rapidly and the implication of its rules are practiced prominently. After a thorough historic and religious discussion, it if proved in this article that veil was a compulsory part of human society and religions before Islam had also preached for veiling.
Extending the novel implications of plant viruses as invaluable genetic tools in the field of transgenic plant technology, Potato Virus X (PVX) based transient gene expression is a simple rapid, inexpensive methodology employed for preliminary screening and evaluation of insecticidal gene constructs in plant sucking insect species. In this study, PVX vector was employed to achieve high throughput expression of two-candidate insecticidal proteins viz. Hvt, (Hydronyche versuta spider) and ACA Lectin (Allium cepa agglutinin) in tobacco plants. The Reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) revealed a high throughput expression of 117 bp Hvt, 325 bp ACA Lectin in tobacco were bioassayed in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (P. solenopsis Tinsley), Aphis gossypii Glover, (A. gossypii Glover), M. persicae Sulzer (M. persicae Sulzer) and herbivorous insect species of Helicoverpa virescens (H. virescens), Spodoptera littoralis (S. littoralis). The results revealed severe insecticidal and antagonistic effect of Hvt in terms of significant insect mortality p<0.01%, reduced population survival and nymph production in P. solenopsis Tinsley, A. gossypii Glover and M. persicae Sulzer. ACA Lectin also exerted significant anti-feedent and insecticidal characteristics at p<0.01% on colonization and population survival in tested insects and larval mortality and lower dry weight gain in herbivorous insect species of H. virescens and S. littoralis. The practical application of PVX vector was extended through PVX- based VIGS mediated production of dsRNAs of two partial insect gene transcripts i.e. Voltage Gated Calcium Channel (PSCaVα1) and Elongation Factor (PSEF-1α) in tobacco plants and RNAi response in P. solenopsis Tinsley. The Reverse Transcriptase (RT-PCR) revealed a high throughput expression of 117 bp Hvt, 325 bp ACA Lectin and plants dsRNAs of 152 bp PSCaVα1 and 325 bp PSEF-1α in tobacco used in plant feeding bioassays. The results revealed significant insect mortality 96% PSCaV-α1 and 46% PSEF-1α and several allied phenotypic deformities like stiffing, melanization and shedding of cuticle, arrested growth and reduced fecundity in P. solenopsis Tinsley were consonant with declined expression of targeted genes in insects feeding corresponding dsRNAs duly elaborated by a semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The specificity of dsRNAs 152 bp PSCaV-α1 and 325 bp PSEF-1α dsRNAs derived from P. solenopsis Tinsley and 402 bp Arginine kinase (AK) from A. gossypii Glover was checked through feeding bioassays in non-target insect species like M. persicae Sulzer, H. virescens and S. littoralis. The results revealed non-significant effect of 152 bp PSCaV-α1 and 325 bp PSEF-1α and significant effect of AK in adult aphid in terms of mortality, nymphs produced and survived, larval mortality and dry weight gain in tested insect species. The cumulative results of this study highlighted the significance of PVX vector as valuable genetic tool for preliminary screening and evaluation of candidate insecticidal proteins and RNAi gene constructs. This study will enhance the efforts of biologists in a way to screen the candidate insect genes and design the complementary transgenic crop protection strategies.