ڈاکٹر انور سجاد
ڈاکٹر انور سجاد پاکستان کے مشہور اردو افسانہ نگار، ناول نگار، اداکار اور ڈراما نویس تھے جو اپنے افسانوں میں علامت نگاری کی وجہ سے مشہور و معروف تھے۔ انور سجاد ویسے تو ایم بی بی ایس ڈاکٹر تھے، مگر خدا نے انہیں کئی اور کاموں کے لیے پیدا کیا تھا۔ وہ رقص بھی کرتے تھے، مصور بھی تھے اور اداکار، مترجم، براڈ کاسٹر، ڈرامہ نگار بھی تھے۔
حالات زندگی:
ڈاکٹر انور سجاد 27 مئی 1935ء کو چونا منڈی (لاہور) ، موجودہ پاکستان میں ڈاکٹر دلاور علی کے گھر پیدا ہوئے، ان کا اصل نام سیّد محمد سجاد انور علی نے کنگ ایڈورڈ میڈیکل کالج لاہور سے ایم بی بی ایس کیا۔ پھر ڈی ٹی ایم اینڈ ایچ کا امتحان لندن سے پاس کیا۔ ان کے لکھے ڈرامے بہت مشہور ہوئے لوگوں نے ان کی اداکاری کو پسند کیا۔1965 میں پاکستان ٹیلی ویڑن کے لیے ڈرامے بھی لکھے اور ان مین بطور ادا کار حصہ بھی لیا اداکاروں اور فنکاروں کے حقوق و مفادات کے لیے 1970 میں آرٹسٹ ایکٹویٹی کی بنیاد رکھی، 1970 میں حلقہ ارباب ذوق لاہور کے سیکرٹری منتخب ہوئے۔برلن میں 1973 میں ڈرامے اور موسیقی کا جو میلہ منعقد ہوا تھا۔ اس میں پاکستان وفد میں رکن کی حیثیت سے شرکت کی، لاہور آرٹس کونسل کے چیئرمین بھی رہے، کچھ عرصہ کراچی میں بھی قیام کیا، عارضہ سانس و فالج میں مبتلا رہے۔
شخصیت:
انور سجاد کی ہمہ جہت خوبیوں والی شخصیت نے تخلیق کے ہر میدان میں قلم اٹھایا۔فکشن، ڈرامہ نگاری اور شاعری کے علاوہ آرٹ اور رقص ان کے شعبے تھے۔ انور سجاد کسی حد تک سیاست سے بھی منسلک تھے زندگی کے مختلف شعبوں سے وابستہ رہے اور بہت کامیاب زندگی گزاری انور سجاد کی شخصیت پہلو دار ہے جو ان کی تخلیقات میں نمایاں جھلکتی ہے...
‘Media is situated within, and fully interwoven with, many other social practices, to the extent where crime and media representations are inseparable’. Criminologist must, however, be alert to the ways in which media create perceptions in order to understand that things are not as always as they are presented. Criminologist has to be a well-versed scholar on the subject of media practices to tread fuzzy area between the news and propaganda and to identify the instances of media coverage of crime as the major culprit for the increase in crime through its redefinition; and for the increase in pessimism through projecting only dark things in much darker light as good news is bad news for media. Awareness of media practices helps criminologist to understand the reasons for separate feeds so can be used for different content of several newspapers to realize truth; and to understand the failure of media to publicize moral dilemma because of its failure to offer rational and duly informed societal response. Criminologist is to be media scholar to know that news is not necessarily about events those transcend crimes and there does exists the standoff between moral panic and realism and separation of cause and effect and the addition of newness to news and exceptionalization of crime; and crime representation can be for the marginalization of some groups.
Shape-memory polyurethanes (SMPUs) blends and nanocomposites with conducting polymers (CPs) have fascinated noteworthy considerations for both academic and industrial research due to their important and captivating applications. In the present study, four CPs namely polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PAni), polythiophene (PTh) and poly(aniline-co-thiophene) (PAni-co-PTh) were prepared via chemical oxidative polymerization and used to synthesize the blends and nanocomposites with shape-memory polyurethane (SMPU). Polyurethane was prepared by addition polymerization using polyethylene oxide (PEO) and poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol) (PPG-b-PEG-b-PPG) as soft segment, while 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) as hard segment. Four series of PU/CPs blend and composite films for each conducting polymer with the varying weight % of CP (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0%) were fabricated. The structural characterization and morphology of the prepared samples was inspected by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Mechanical, thermal, electrical and shape memory properties of the SMPU/CPs blends and nanocomposites were also investigated. Improved mechanical performances such as tensile strength and Young’s modulus of PU/CPs blends were observed with higher content of CPs, while nanocomposites showed decreasing trend with CPs owing to globular morphology, outcome of layered adsorption of CPs over multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs). Thermal stability was found to increase systematically with increasing CPs content in blend and composite films. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) scans indicated an increase in glass transition, melting and crystallization temperatures for blend samples with CPs loading (0.1-1.0 wt. %). While for nanocomposites, better DSC parameters were observed with 0.1% CPs content. All prepared samples followed the same trend with different CPs except PTh-based blends and composites which was due to the lack of interaction between PU segments and PTh chains. X-ray diffraction results also complimented the DSC studies. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of PU/CPs blends and nanocomposites was also found to be a function of CPs loadings. However, nanocomposites possessed higher conductivities values compared to their respective blends ascribed to the presence of thermally more stable and electrically conductive modified carbon nanotubes in composites. Remarkable recoverability of thermally triggered shape memory (SM) behavior was achieved for all prepared PU/CPs blends and nanocomposites.