Determinants of Lack of Family Planning in Grand Multiparous Women Lack of Family Planning in Grand Multiparous Women

Multiparity is a matter of great concern regarding the health of women as well as child. At the same time it has different determinants and socioeconomic backgrounds. Objective: To determine the determinants of lack of family planning in grand multiparous women. Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study including 271 GMP patients from DHQ Hospital Okara city. Mean age was 35 ± 10 years. Data was collected with the help of questionnaire and evaluated and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative data and frequency and percentages for qualitative data. To measure the determinants of lack of family planning, chi square test was used. P values less than and equal to 0.05 were taken as significant. Results: Most of women belong to rural area 172(63.47%) and areMuslims 259(95.5%). Most of the families lie under upper lower 149 (54.8%) and lower middle group of income 71(26.1%). The reason of last pregnancy was desire for baby boy 66(24.4%), then husband’s wish 45(16.6%)and so on. There is a good association of socioeconomic status and residence of head of family as p < 0.05, (Results are 325.272a, df = 10, p=0.000). There is an association of Gravida and socioeconomic status of head of family as p<0.05. (27.294, df= 20, p=.05). There is a good association between reasons of last pregnancy and gravida as p<0.05, (41.920, df = 24, p=0.001). Conclusions: The grand multiparty is still very common in Okara Pakistan district, considering the easy availability of modern contraceptive methods but very few women are aware of it. The most popular explanation given for present pregnancy by grand multiparous women was an urge for baby boy followed by husband wish. Most of women are Muslims. Rural Women are more socio-economically down and they have grandermultiparty.

Academic Achievement and its Relationship With Social Anxiety and Self-Esteem in Male and Female School Students

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of academic achievement with social anxiety and self-esteem in male and female school students. Social anxiety and self-esteem are common psychological problems. Research findings show that persons with social anxiety report poor employment performance reduced social interaction and difficulties in school life. More over self-esteem has been found to be positively related with academic achievement. So it was hypothesized that educational achievement is negatively correlated with social anxiety and positively correlated with self-esteem. The sample for the study consisted of 551 boys and 449 girls of 9th class. The sample was taken by using stratified random sampling technique from the high schools of city district Lahore. Academic achievement was measured by a valid achievement test, especially developed for this purpose. SmajiIztrabkaPaimana that is an adapted Urdu version of Interaction Anxiousness Scale (Leary, 1983) was used to assess the intensity of social anxiety. Qadr- e- ZaatkaPaimana (adapted Urdu version of Rosenberg self-esteem scale) was used to assess the self-esteem of the students. A series of t tests, Pearson product moment correlation, regression analysis and one way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis of the data. The results show that academic achievement has positive relationship with self-esteem and negative relationship with social anxiety. Self esteem has negative relationship with social anxiety. Female students performed better than male students on academic achievement test. However the boys have higher level of self-esteem and lower level of social anxiety as compared to the female students. Parents’ education and monthly income of family has positive relationship with academic achievement and negative relationship with social anxiety.