عبدالحمید، حکیم
’’ملک و ملت کا مسیحا نہیں رہا‘‘
بالآخر وہی ہوا جس کا کھٹکا مہینوں سے لگا تھا اور اس مسیحا نفس نے اپنی جان جان آفریں کو سپرد کردی، جس کی مسیحائی سے لاکھوں نے زندگی پائی تھی، حق یہ ہے کہ حکیم عبدالحمید کی وفات پر بھی وہی الفاظ دہرائے جائیں جو مسیح الملک حکیم محمد اجمل خاں کی وفات پر مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ نے تحریر فرمائے تھے حکیم صاحب کی وفات خاندان کا ماتم نہیں، دلی کا ماتم نہیں، قوم کا ماتم ہے، فضل و کمال کا ماتم ہے، اخلاق و شرافت کا ماتم ہے، سنجیدگی و متانت کا ماتم ہے، عقل و رزانت کا ماتم ہے، آزادی و حریت کا ماتم ہے، اخلاق و ایثار کا ماتم ہے، ہندوستان اور مسلمانان ہند کے طالع و بخت کا ماتم ہے۔
مرثیہ ہے ایک کا اور نوحہ ساری قوم کا
حکیم عبدالحمید کا دائرہ فیض و خدمت بہت وسیع تھا، ان سے پورا ملک مستفیض ہورہا تھا۔ ہمدرد کی دوائیں سکہ رائج الوقت کی طرح گھر گھر پھیلی ہوئی ہیں اس لیے آج سب ہی اس محسن اعظم کی جدائی پر اشک بار اور ماتم کناں ہیں۔
عمت فواضلہ فعم مصابہ
حکیم صاحب جس بدنصیب ملت کے فرد فرید تھے اس میں بڑا قحط الرجال ہے، وہ تنہا اپنی ذات سے ایک انجمن، ایک ادارہ، ایک جماعت اور ایک قوم تھے، ان جیسے پیکر صدق و اخلاص اور سراپا خدمت و عمل کا اٹھ جانا عجب سانحہ اور ملت اسلامیہ کا زبردست خسارہ ہے، سمجھ میں نہیں آتا کہ اس کی تلافی کیسے ہوگی اور اس غم کا مداوا کیا ہوگا۔ بلا شبہ وہ اس عہد کے مسیح الملک، ابن سینا اور رازی تھے۔
حکیم عبدالحمید کا خاندان تجارت پیشہ تھا۔ یہ چینی ترکستان کے شہر کا شغر سے...
The present study investigates how English language learning interacts with the gender identities and roles of female learners at the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Who learns what and how, is influenced by the learners’ gendered and sexualized identities (Pavlenko, 2004). Language learners have to navigate power relations within the classroom and their specific communities and develop understanding of their limitations and opportunities within these communities. Institutional practices and gender ideologies inhibit their access to networks which in turn affect their linguistic output and interactional opportunities. Within Interpretive epistemological framework eight female learners of final year (fourth year) Linguistics studying at IELL were interviewed and observed twice during one year to gather data for the present study. From the data it appeared that Pakistani females’ access to linguistic resources is mediated by cultural norms and societal expectations. Throughout their academic journeys the learners’ agency remained active due to which they were able to invest in their ESL learning and challenge socially imposed identities on them.
Currently, the scientists are directing their research in finding solutions for the risks associated with unanticipated and undetected chemical pollutants. The major efforts are focused on early identification and investigation of pollution issues before they worsen the environment and human health. In this aspect, new metal coordination complexes are explored as most sustainable materials. The efficiency can be tailor-made in terms of surface area, pore volume and conjugation of ligands for diverse sensing and remedial applications. The present research was aimed to synthesize single and mixed ligand coordination complexes based on nitrogen containing ligands (imidazole, triazole, pyridyl) with understanding that nitrogen has a significant role in binding with organic moiety. A series of coordination complexes were synthesized where both ligands were coordinated with zinc followed by post-synthesis modification for incorporation of amine groups. The assessment of structural surface and bulk properties was undertaken with a range of analytical techniques. Results of 1H-NMR identified structural modifications due to functionalization induced by amine moiety. The optimum (72% and 76%) incorporation was obtained for ethyl amine in imidazole and triazole, respectively. Further, binding of primary and secondary ligands in different ratios developed unique structures for mixed ligand coordination complexes. Another characteristic of complexes was binding of functional groups at amine position indicated by disappearance of distinctive (3000-3400cm-1) peak in FTIR analysis. The significance of the synthesized materials was their high structural and thermal stability due to metal coordination. However, incorporation of larger amine groups resulted in decrease in surface area. The synthesized single ligand and conjugated complexes were tested for adsorption and sensing potential against herbicide and nitro compounds, respectively. The highest (79%) adsorption efficiency was monitored for (Zn(NH-TBA)2Eth(NH2)2), due to maximum number of amine groups. The well-known adsorption isotherms and kinetics equation suggested that process pre-dominantly followed physio-sorption mechanism sequentially from sub-monolayer to multi-layered structure. Intra-particle model expressed three phase diffusion, via external surface, micropores and mesopores of the materials. The chemical sensing potential of conjugated (mixed ligand) complexes was determined through Photoluminescence studies. A blue shift with optimum intensity was recorded for complexes in comparison to ligand depicting the significant sensing for nitro compounds. Further, maximum quenching efficiency was noted for 4,4''- dibenzohydrazobenzene and nitroaniline, proposing collisional and static quenching mechanism. The electrical conductance of synthesized complexes was explored using impedance. An important aspect revealed was the charge transfer and diffusion resistance and radius of semicircle of Nyquist shifted to higher frequency due to increase in heterogeneity. These results were elaborated further by Randles-Ershler equivalent circuit model. The research submitted encouraging results opening a wide application window for the synthesized single-ligand and conjugated coordination complexes. The novelty of functionalization in complexes was also offered. The study testified the potential and efficacy as adsorbents, biosensors and semiconductors. The study concludes that these materials offer great capacity for commercial viability and suitable candidate for environmental remediation and luminescence-sensing applications.