The “Crisis and Concerns: A cross-sectional study on Junior Doctors during COVID-19 pandemic”.

Introduction: Doctors committed to the care of patients are trying to fulfill their duty in a difficult situation, but the consequential impacts of COVID-19 outbreak on Junior Doctors mental health are far too complex. Objective: The objective of this study was to gain insight into Junior Doctors’levels of concerns during a global pandemic of COVID-19. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study, utilizing a 23-item validated questionnaire was conducted on two hundred and fifty doctors of various disciplines and nationalities working on training and non-training posts. Results: The response rate was (77 %) and the levels of concern score among Junior doctors during COVID-19 pandemic in the NHS was found to be (41.35±4.9). With regard to gender differences, 32.5% of males and 27.5% females had a moderate concern score of 40 to 47. In regard to safety at work (85%) agreed that they are not safe, (100%) agreed that they are at risk to contract a COVID-19 infection at work and (100%) felt that they will transmit COVID-19 to their families but (95%) agreed that were obliged to take care of patients. In addition, (97.5%) doctors were not confident with the current infection control measures and (77.5%) felt frustrated with poor infection control training offered to them. Conclusion: Therefore, measures to strengthen personal protection and adequate support to Junior Doctors should be addressed urgently by the Healthcare system. KEYWORDS: COVID-19, Doctors, PPE, Concerns, Psychological impact.  

Effect of Religious Education on the Moral Development of Children

Education is a moral enterprise. Character building of students is the pivotal goal of education all over the world. It has ever been a hot issue either religion should be included the syllabi or secular values are enough for the moral development of young children. During the recent years, syllabus for Islamyat in schools and Madaris of Pakistan has also come under objection and revision. However, no research on relationship of moral development and religion has come to light in Pakistan. For the reason, a study was conducted to find the, “Effect of religious education on the moral development of children.” It was a causal comparative ex post facto study with a 3x3 factorial design. The stratified sample comprised 1350 children of 4-15 years from public schools, Madaris and uneducated from urban and rural areas of Lahore. The researcher developed a tool MDII (Moral Development Interview inventory) herself. Its validity and reliability were determined statistically. The data was analysed by ANOVA and T-test for independent sample. It was found that there was a substantial increase in the moral development of children during every age stage. Religious education has also significant positive effect on the moral development of children because the uneducated children showed the least moral development. The children from 7-11 (childhood) from schools and Madaris showed equal performance and the children in early childhood of Madaris indicated no significant difference with uneducated children. It was concluded that Hifz students were not provided with illustrative moral content so they lagged behind in moral concepts. The adolescents studying translation of the Quran and Hadith showed the highest stage of moral development. It was suggested that Madaris should introduce translation of the Quran and comprehensible subject matter of religion for young students also.