قاری محمد یوسف
قاری محمد یوسف صاحب ندوۃ المصنفین کے یوم تاسیسں سے۱۹۵۱ء تک ادارہ سے برابر وابستہ رہے لیکن ان کاتعلق دفتر سے تھا اس سے بھی بڑھ کر ہم لوگوں سے ان کابڑا تعلق یہ تھا کہ وہ خود دیوبند کے فارغ التحصیل اورمولانا قاری محمد اسحاق صاحب میرٹھی جو حضرت مفتی عزیز الرحمن صاحب(والد ماجدمولانا عتیق الرحمن عثمانی) کے خلیفۂ مجاز اورایک بلند پایہ صوفی اورعارف باﷲ تھے، ان کے صاحبزادے تھے۔ ۱۹۳۷ء سے پاکستان جانے تک قاری اورمترجم کی حیثیت سے آل انڈیا ریڈیو سے برابر وابستہ رہے اوربہت مقبول تھے۔ترک وطن کے بعد حیدرآباد سندھ میں ناظم تعلیمات اسلامی کی حیثیت سے برسوں کام کیا۔ دوتین سال سے بعض خانگی حوادث کے باعث خانہ نشین ہوگئے تھے۔انتقال کے وقت۷۲۔۷۳ برس کی عمرہوگی۔اللھم اغفرلہ وارحمہ ۔
[فروری۱۹۷۱ء]
Human life is the subjective of change with the changing circumstances. If we look at the condition of our late grandfather or great – grandfather and look at the contemporary situation; it will not be difficult to understand this change. The rules about some important issues had been changed with the passage of time. In the initial descendants of Adam the marriage of brothers and sisters was allowed, after the flood of Noah, due to the scarcity of animals, the meat of all kinds of animals was allowed, two sisters were married to Hazrat Yaqub (A.S) at the same time, but the rules had been reversed afterwards. Even in the time of the Holy Prophet and the rightly guided caliphs, such changes took place and they were associated with the changing conditions. Initially it was banned to visit the graves and the sacrificial meet was not allowed to keep for more than three days and it was mandatory upon the women to attend the congregational prayer but afterwards the permissions were granted contrarily. Fortunately, we have a body of jurisprudence in the light of which not only contemporary issues can be solved but also guidance can be provided for the future. Our leading Jurists, who are followed, have done a remarkable job in this regard. The following article reviews the teachings of the three jurists, namely Imam Shafi’i, Imam Malik, and Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and teachings of their glean jurists. It will make clear that under changing circumstances these jurists seemed to agree on change. Therefore, by using the efforts of these jurists, we can try to resolve the problems of our contemporary changes and requirements throughout the Muslim World.
IEEE802.15.4 Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) are envisioned to play an important role in application centric ubiquitous networks such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Interconnection of these networks with Internet and with other WPANs in close proximity is essential for effectively organizing, managing and utilizing these networks. Ubiquitous role of WSN can be realized through interconnection with adjacent WSNs as well as with infrastructure networks which can be direct or hopping through bordering WSNs. An example scenario is environmental monitoring of large geographical area where clusters of WSN jointly ensure the ubiquitous presence of WSN. These clusters would require collaboration among themselves in addition to management through infrastructure network. Similarly in critical, mission oriented military applications multiple groups form WSN clusters which require reliable code update in addition to inter-cluster collaboration for information sharing. This thesis addresses challenges in interconnection of LR-WPANs with Internet and with other WPANs in close proximity. In addition to reliable and timely code dissemination to WSN from infrastructure network, there is a need for procedural details to carry out efficient cluster diffusion for inter-PAN communication when multiple PANs operating in distinct logical channels are in close proximity of each other. This work presents two innovative and comprehensive architectures that provide complete solutions for above mentioned research problems while covering all related design elements. A complete architecture for efficient TCP realization in IPv6 based Low-Power Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) is presented as solution to Internet interconnection research challenge. The 6LoWPAN is a protocol specification that enables communication of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) packets on top of IEEE802.15.4 so that Internet and WSNs can be inter-connected. In commercial and enterprise applications of WSNs reliable and timely multiple/repeated code updates are required from Internet hosts to sensor nodes. For such inbound data traffic which is in general heavy, time-sensitive and loss-intolerant, TCP as transport layer protocol is essential such that end-to-end TCP sessions from Internet node(s) to sensor nodes through a default gateway are set up. In this situation, a single gateway is likely to form the bottleneck of connection due to non-uniform connectivity to sensor nodes and is also susceptible to buffer overflow. The solution to this problem, Session layer-assisted Efficient TCP management architecture (SET) is a management architecture that establishes and manages multiple split- TCP sessions across a number of available gateways. SET performs multiple-TCP-sessions management and executes data striping through shim at session layer. Through analytical modeling and simulations using NS2, it is demonstrated that SET architecture optimizes communication for incoming bulk data transfer, at the same time offering related load balancing services. Multiple split-TCP sessions handled in parallel across a number of gateways results in reducing end-to-end latency for bulk data transfer and prevents absolute communication failure in case of gateway failure. For effective inter-WPAN association, a comprehensive architecture, COmmoN-iNterest basEd diffusion of Collocated PANs via gaTing at border nodes (CONNECT) is proposed that executes diffusion of neighboring PANs. In IEEE802.15.4 networks when multiple PANs are present in Personal Operating Space (POS), they function in non-interfering logical channels. This way, capacity of PAN- directed broadcast is restricted, received-energy per PAN device is reduced and interference at physical layer is minimized. At the down side, under this type of configuration, inter-PAN communication is not possible because PANs in the same region remain unaware of each other’s presence. CONNECT architecture supports communication between multiple PANs in the same POS that might be operating in different logical channels. It enables neighboring PANs to communicate by diffusing into each other through “bordering nodes” called “connect nodes”. The main idea is to time share logical channels such that a gating operation is performed by nodes residing at the border of two non-interfering PANs. CONNECT architecture executes procedures; identification of border nodes by PAN coordinator, discovery of neighboring PAN(s), assigning duty cycle and gating command to border nodes, interest solicit from sensor nodes and data transfer across PANs. CONNECT framework is mathematicall analyzed and NS2 simulations are performed to demonstrate communication aspects at connect nodes to show their usability for diffusion.