Child Labour in the Light of Quran and Sunnah

Child labor has been considered the most troubling & one of the greatest problems of great concern in the modern world, since it has not only negative effects on the child himself, but also on his family & society in general. However, it is a reality that can commonly & frequently be observed in the emerging & backward nations now a day where expropriated & evicted people take their young ones to workplaces to compete with their livelihoods. This article seeks to highlight the status of child labor & its solution in the light of Qur᾽an & Sunnah as many experts and platforms have offered their own solution. The study population consisted of scholars &the teachers/A᾽ema Kerām of religious institutions (Madrasah) of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Bannu, while its sample included 30 scholars & teachers/A᾽ema of different Madrasah in the Bannu District. The researcher has adopted content & methodologies of the interview from the respondents to explore this issue in detail. This study has the sole objective of: to find out solution of the Child Labour in the light of Holy Qur᾽an & Sunnah. This article summarizes the conclusion that holy religion of Muslims(Islam) strictly prohibit child labour, although allows child labour in some special cases, such as light work & character building activities which is

Performance Evaluation of Pakistani Mutual Funds: Empirical Evidence

Mutual Fund is an organization that pools cash from a gathering of speculators to purchase monetary securities a less dangerous portfolio than an individual stockholder would do. This study was conducted by evaluating the performance of Pakistan mutual funds. The study used Portfolio approach and divided the sample firms into their nature of funds like money market, income, equity, index tracker, assets allocation, balanced, funds of fund, aggressive income, sharia compliant and closed ended funds. In this study Sharpe, Treynor, Sortino, Jensen Alpha and Information ratios were use as parameter for evaluation of performance of mutual funds. The 43 funds out of 93 are showing positive, while 50 funds showing negative Jensen alpha. Positive funds means that they are showing standardize performance, on the other hand negative funds means that their performances are under standard in the market. The higher beta showed that the majority of the funds are risk adjusted and having higher risk. While the beta of balanced funds and closed ended funds shown that these funds have face less risk, finally higher risk mean higher profit and less risk mean less return. The management of the Stock Exchange should try to enhance the information efficiency for investors, further they also try to make accurate decision so that the investor might face the higher risk with having higher return as well. The outcomes of this study will not be generalized on other markets of the world. This study will provide knowledge to the academician, management of stock exchange and the investors. It will helpful for management and investor in making right decision while investing in mutual funds.