بینظیر بھٹو کی سالگرہ پر جیل سے خط
ذوالفقار علی بھٹو کا اپنی بیٹی بینظیر بھٹو کی سالگرہ پر جیل سے خط ۔۔۔بھٹو نے خط میں جن الفاظ کا استعمال کیا سن کر آپ کے آنسو چھلک پڑیں گے ۔جیالے ضرور یہ تاریخی الفاظ سنتے ،اس لیے ہم کہتے ہیں کہ زندہ ہے بھٹو زندہ ہے ۔
’’میری سب سے پیاری بیٹی !اس جیل کی سلاخوں میں تمہیں کیا تحفہ دے سکتا ہوں ۔جن سلاخوں سے میں اپنا ہاتھ باہر نہیں نکال سکتا ۔جو خود بھی نظر بند ہو اور اس کی ماں بھی نظر بند ہو ۔محبت اور ہمدردی کا پیغام ایک قید خانے سے دوسرے قید خانے میں کیسے جائے ؟ایک ہتھکڑی سے دوسری ہتھکڑی تک یہ مبارک باد کیسے پہنچے ؟تمہارے داد نے مجھے فخر کی سیاست سکھائی اور تمہاری دادی نے مجھے غربت کی سیاست کا سبق دیا ۔میں ان دونوں باتوں کو مضبوطی سے تھامے ہوئے ہوں ۔صرف عوام پر یقین رکھو اور ان کی فلاح کے لیے کام کرو اﷲتعالی کی جنت تمہاری والدہ کے قدموں تلے ہے اور سیاست کی جنت عوام کے قدموں تلے ہے ۔
Pakistan is a Muslim country and got freedom from British Government, on August 14, 1947. It was separated from India on the basis of Islamic ideology. Though majority of population was Muslims but there was sufficient number (5%) of non Muslims, such as Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Calashes’, Baha’is, Zikaria’s, and Parsis etc. The presence of non Muslims in Pakistan was a great challenge to safe guard their rights in the constitution of Pakistan to maintain the communal harmony in the country. This paper focuses on the provisions of non-Muslim rights in the constitution of Pakistan. It discusses the constitutional provision for the rights of non Muslims. Such as personal law, freedom to religion, safe guard against special taxes, non discrimination in respect of access to public places, discrimination in services, preservation of language script and culture, promotion of social justice and predication of social evils, right to vote, reservation of seats in National assembly and to run and manage their religious institutions. This paper also suggests some recommendations for the solution of contemporary non Muslim minorities, problems in Pakistan and also achievement of Ministry of non Muslim Minorities Affairs, 2008 to 2010 in Pakistan.
Activity recognition has a vital role in smart home operations. Major challenges in activity recognition are personalization, recognising parallel and interleave activities, erratic degree of dissimilar activities, identification of same object used in multiple activities, catering sensor noise caused by mal-interactions, dynamically determining the context of personalized activities and evolution of generic activity model for new activities. Moreover, object-sensor-based activity recognition by learning for complete activity pattern derived from a generic activity model in sequential and parallel activities may also be asserted as open research realms. A dynamic and generic framework named Ontology driven Semantic Activity Recognition (OSCAR) has been proposed to address the asserted challenges through hybrid of data driven techniques, temporal formalism and knowledge-driven techniques. An unlabelled sensor stream generated by inhabitant’s interactions has been accumulated into sensor repositories that is processed by OSCAR to recognise personalized activities performed in sequential or interleaved fashion. The major modules of OSCAR for activity recognition are sensor properties sequencer, semantic segmentor, personalized activity learner, spurious filter model and ontology evolution model. The spurious semantic segmentation produced by sensor noise or erratic behaviour is removed by Allen’s temporal formalism. Moreover, Tversky’s feature-based similarity has been used to remove the highly similar spurious activities produced as a result of mistaken interactions with wrong home objects. A comprehensive set of experiments has been carried out for evaluating the effectiveness of OSCAR over different metrics such as chi-square distribution, precision, recall and f-measure. In order to measure the performance of proposed technique covering all the possible actions/activities. A standard dataset, named CASAS, has been used for making a comparative analysis of different scenarios in activity recognition with state of the art work by Riboni and KCAR. In order to validate distinct research perspectives such as sensor noise, learning user specific actions; no dataset could comprehend these scenarios to the best of our knowledge. So, a dataset named Data Acquisition Methodology for Smart Homes (DAMSH) was developed while adhering to standard guidelines. The evaluation using stated metrics, over different datasets and comparative analysis with prevalent techniques assert OSCAR as a viable and superior solution. The efficacy of OSCAR is complemented by the distinctive features of dynamically learning personalized actions of inhabitants, boundary detection of activities, ontologies, identification and elimination spurious actions and seed knowledge evolution through ontologies.