تم بھی تھے سر_دار سر_ دار تھا میں بھی
یہ جسم رکاوٹ تھا میرے عشق میں شاید
ممکن ہے کہ بے تاب رہا ہو کبھی تو بھی
بازار میں لایا گیا یوسف کی طرح میں
خود اپنے تعاقب میں نکل آیا تھا گھر سے
چہرے کی جگہ صرف خراشیں ہیں نمایاں
اے! گردش_ دوراں یہ تغیر نہیں اچھا
خود بیچنے نکلا تھا صفی خود کو جہاں میں
تم دیکھ تو لیتے کہ نمودار تھا میں بھی
اور سچ ہے کہ اس جسم سے بیزار تھا میں بھی
یادوں کی اذیت میں گرفتار تھا میں بھی
کچھ دیر سہی رونق_ بازار تھا میں بھی
خود اپنی عداوت میں گرفتار تھا میں بھی
بستی میں کبھی آئنہ بردار تھا میں بھی
تو سوچ کبھی صاحب_ دستار تھا میں بھی
اور بھیڑ میں خود اپنا خریدار تھا میں بھی
Pakistan came into being on the basis of Islamic Ideology. Therefore, our educational system and policies should be based upon the Islamic ideology. Our national leaders also stressed upon the enforcement of Islamic values in all walks of life of the people of Pakistan. It was theoretically stated in all the educational policies that our national ideology would be the only basis of our educational system. The purpose of this research was to critically analyze the inclusion and effects of Islamic values in our educational system with special reference to our national educational policies. The method used for the research was descriptive and analytical. The review of literature revealed that practically nothing could be done. All steps taken in the educational policies for the inclusion of Islamic values in our educational system confined to papers only. It was also revealed that our national educational system was completely unable to produce honest, loyal, faithful and true Muslims and sincere Pakistanis. Our educational system and educational policies were devoid of Islamic character. The realization of the true sprite of Islamic values in our national educational policies remained a dream. Consequently, our present educational system could not give intended outcomes. In order to achieve the desired objectives, our educational policies and educational system should be in consonance with Islamic values and teachings. Holistic practical measures are required for this purpose. To foster in the hearts and minds of people of Pakistan in general and student in particular, a deep loyalty to Islam and Pakistan, our present educational system urgently requires radical changes on the basis of Quran and Sunnah.
The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between child characteristics, coping and stress in parent of children with autism. One of the objectives was to study the impact of child characteristics on paternal and maternal stress. The factors included in child characteristics were autism symptom severity, adaptive behaviors, and problem behaviors. The study also investigated the mediating role of family coping (reframing, passive appraisal and mobilizing family to acquire and accept help) between child characteristics and paternal, maternal stress. Moreover, the relationship of different family socio-demographic variables (age, gender of the child; age, education, and work status of mothers; socio economic status and type of family system) was also examined with reference to paternal and maternal stress. The measures used to assess characteristic of children with autism were Childhood Autism Rating Scale-2 (CARS-2), Adaptive Behavior scale-School Edition (ABS: 2S, Part-1) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The measure used to assess parental stress and coping were Questionnaire on resources and stress (QRS-F) and The Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (FCOPES). Two independent studies i.e. study I and study II were carried out to meet the objectives of the study. The objective of study I was to translate and validate the instruments of the study. Furthermore, study I, consisted of three phases, phase I was related to Urdu translation of Adaptive Behavior scale-School Edition (ABS: 2S, Part-1), Questionnaire on resources and stress (QRS-F), The Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (F-COPES) and few modification were done in already existing Urdu version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In Phase II content validity index (CVI) of translated instruments was established and in phase III other psychometric properties were addressed. Findings of study I, found that the content validity index for the translated instruments was well above the critical value of .80. Similarly, the instruments also showed satisfactory psychometric properties for the current sample. This indicated that the instruments were valid and reliable measures to be used with the present population. The Study II (main study) consisted of hypothesis testing. A purposive sample of 103 mothers and 83 fathers (having at least one child with autism within age range of 3 to 14 years) participated in the study. Results of the main study revealed that all three child characteristics autism symptom severity, adaptive behaviors and problem behaviors were the significant predictors of maternal stress. However, problem behaviors were impacting more on maternal stress, followed by autism symptom severity and adaptive behaviors. Whereas, autism symptoms severity was the only significant predictor for paternal stress. Further analysis into child characteristics revealed that core symptomology of autism was the significant predictor of maternal stress. In case of adaptive behaviors, poor personal self sufficiency of children with autism accounted for significant proportion of variance in both maternal and paternal stress but the impact was more for maternal stress. Similarly, sub facets of problem behaviors that were emotional symptom and conduct problems accounted for significant proportion of variance only in maternal stress. Moreover, present study also revealed that family coping (reframing, passive appraisal and mobilizing family to acquire and accept help) partially mediates the relationship between child characteristics (autism symptom severity, adaptive behaviors, problematic behaviors) and maternal stress. Whereas, in case of paternal stress no significant mediation effect was found. In addition, it was found that stress for employed mothers and those living in nuclear families was greater as compared to those who were not employed and living in joint families. With increase in mother’s age and monthly income stress in mothers decreased. Moreover, with increase in the monthly income of the family, stress in mothers of children with autism decreases.. Implications of the present study are discussed under need for interventions for families with autistic children in Pakistan and need for awareness in general masses regarding autistic disorder. Limitations have been acknowledged and future research directions have been suggested accordingly.
