المصادر في القراءات القرآنية بين النصب والرفع

 In Arabic language the source from which all nouns and verbs are derived is called  (المصدر). Verbal noun (Al-Masdar:  (المصدر  is a very important derivative in Arabic. It is a noun derived from the verb to refer to the action or activity implied in the verb, e. G.  ((كتابة   “writing” as a process- derived from the verb (كتب) to  “write”. A verbal noun represents a change in the form of a verb which allows it to be used as a noun in a sentence. Verbal noun is a type of noun which can bear the article (ال) or tanwin   (تنوين ) and can be declined according to the sentence i.e. Nominative, accusative and genitive case. This article deals with the verbal nouns in the Holy Quran that appeared once in the nominative case and in other Qiraat it was read as accusative case. For e.g. (Al-Hamd) is read as nominative and accusative form. الرفع على قراءة حفص: ( الحمدُ لله رب العالمين ) و فى قراءة أخرى : ( الحمدَ لله رب العالمين ) Likewise other examples are: (سورةٌ أنزلناها )- (سورةً أنزلناها) (سلامٌ عليك)- (سلامًا عليك) Similarly : النصب على قراءة حفص: ( و بالوالدين إحسانًا) و فى قراءة أخرى : ( و بالوالدين إحسانٌ) Thus, the article highlights the semantic treasures embedded in the Qiraat of the Holy-Quran.

Role of Teachers Professional Capacity Building in Enhancing School As a Learning Community

The concept of a learning community in recent decades has been discussed widely in the academic circles and gradually it is becoming a prominent feature of various educational institutions around the world as an effort of school reforms. Learning community develops where all school stakeholders such as school heads, teachers, students and parents actively work in a group with the motivation of shared learning to achieve a shared school vision and goals. The process of enhancing the school as a learning community is a complex issue. There are different ways of enhancing school as learning community and teachers' professional capacity-building is one of them that help schools to prepare teachers for change and build their capacities to contribute constructively to the development of the school. Therefore, it becomes indispensable to explore the role of teachers' professional capacity-building in reforming the school as learning community. This study aimed at exploring the role of teachers' professional capacity-building in enhancing school as a learning community through investigating the understanding of different stakeholders about professional capacity-building, their perceptions about a learning community and in their opinion how their professional capacity-building contributed towards enhancing school as a learning community. Within the qualitative research paradigm, a case study approach was adopted to respond to the research question. The research was conducted in a community based school, as a single case study. The participants were selected through purposive sampling which included the school principal, a group of subject or academic coordinators, teachers, students, and parents. Data were collected through interviews and focused group discussions along with the analyses of some documents relevant to the study. The data revealed that the school is implementing the notion of learning community that fostered the culture of shared learning, collegiality and collaboration, empowerment, etc. The school had established strong personal and interpersonal relationships among the school community through developing teachers in order to ensure the successful implementation of the notion of learning community in a school. However, data also presented an important finding that there is a gap between the understanding of different stakeholders regarding the term 'learning community'; except for the school principal, all the other stakeholders did not have a clear understanding of the notion and they considered the term community-based school as equivalent to the notion of learning community. As such, for them parental involvement was the only pre-requisite for schools to work as learning communities. Yet the