شری مشرو والا
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ گاندھی جی کے مشہور چیلے شری مشرو والا نے انتقال کیا، وہ ہریجن کے اڈیٹر اور گاندھی جی کے مشن کے سچے حامل و مبلغ تھے اور اس زمانہ میں جب کہ کانگریس اپنے اصولوں سے عملاً بالکل ہٹ گئی ہے اور کانگریسیوں کی اکثریت اقتدار کی ہوس، ذاتی اغراض اور فرقہ پرستی میں مبتلا ہے اور فرقہ پرستوں اور خود غرضوں کی قوت اتنی بڑھ گئی ہے کہ سچے کانگریسی بھی مشکل سے ان کے مقابلہ میں زبان کھولنے کی جرأت کرسکتے ہیں، مشرووالاجی اپنے اصولوں پر قائم تھے اور آخر دم تک نہایت دلیری کے ساتھ گانگریس کی غلط روی پر تنقید اور گاندھی جی کے اصولوں کی تبلیغ و اشاعت کا فرض انجام دیتے رہے انھوں نے ان کی تعلیمات پر متعدد کتابیں لکھی ہیں، اس خود غرضی اور فرقہ پرستی کے دور میں ایسے مخلص اور سچے کانگریسی کا اٹھ جانا ایک ناقابل تلافی نقصان ہے، ان کی موت سے متحدہ قومیت کا ایک بڑا ستون گرگیا، جس کی جگہ مدتوں نہ بھر سکے گی۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اکتوبر ۱۹۵۲ء)
Work-family conflict is a conflict between societal expectations and the interaction of interrelated work and family domains. It is essential to understand the impact of COVID-19 on working women's physical and mental health in Pakistan to advise better health policy. This research aims to determine work-family conflict’s impact on working women’s physical and mental health. Through non-probability sampling, 100 working women were sampled online across different cities of Pakistan. The participants were selected from different working fields. Only women above the age of 20 years were eligible for participation in this study. The study found that work-family conflict positively correlates with the fear of COVID19, blood pressure, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Psychologists, counselors, and general physicians for primary and preventive care in Pakistan need to work towards counselling and supporting the health needs of working women to prevent biopsychosocial problems related to work-family conflict and fear of COVID-19. Keywords: anxiety, blood pressure, depression, fear of covid-19, work-family conflict.
The study explored the effectiveness of Task based Instructions (TBI) approach through qualitative action research in order to enhance the oral communication skills (OCSs) focusing on fluency and accuracy in one of the main boys primary schools in the rural context of Sindh at Tando Muhammad Khan district. Grade 5 students were involved in the study of Task Based instruction through activities in order that they could use language in the real life situation. For data collection, it was gathered through different tools like classroom observations, semi structured interviews, audio recording, oral pre tests and oral post tests. The semi structured interviews were conducted from the participants before intervention in order to know about their perceptions of their English language class, teachings of speaking skills including challenges and about Task Based instruction. Oral pre tests and oral post tests were also conducted from the focused group participants in order to know about the effectiveness of Task Based instruction whether it had improved the OCSs among the students. Data that was gathered was analyzed qualitatively to explore the effectiveness of Task based instruction approach in enhancing OCSs among grade 5 students. According to the research findings the study revealed positive impacts of Task Based instruction approach in enhancing OCSs focusing on fluency and accuracy and the researcher expected that the study would definitely help other researchers, English language teachers and students understand Task based instruction approach. In conclusion, the study may inspire the English language teachers to make class learner centered by making task based activities so that the learners can be able to use the language and to enhance their OCSs.