مولوی محمد اسمٰعیل میرٹھی
بقول علامہ مرحوم، مولانا حالی کے بعد کسی نے سننے کے لائق کچھ کہا ہے، تو وہ مولوی محمد اسمٰعیل صاحب میرٹھی ہیں، افسوس کہ دوسرا حالی بھی اس مہینہ ہماری دنیا سے رخصت ہوگیا، مرحوم کا سہل و رواں کلام ہمارے بچوں کا ابتدائی سبق تھا، وہ اپنی پیرانہ سالی کی مرتعش زبان سے چھوٹے چھوٹے بچوں کو اس پیار سے سمجھاتے تھے کہ وہ نصیحت کی گرانباری کو کھلونا سمجھ کر اٹھا لیتے تھے، افسوس کہ یہ کھلونے بنانے والا بھی اب نہ رہا، سرکاری خدمت سے گوشہ نشین ہوکر وہ ہمہ تن علمی خدمات میں مصروف ہوگئے تھے، تدوین کلام خسرو کے سلسلہ میں قران السعدین کی تقریظ و تحشیہ سے فارغ ہوکر حیات خسرو کی ترتیب میں مصروف تھے، اس کے علاوہ قواعد اردو اور لغات اردو کی تکمیل کا کام شروع ہورہا تھا، جو افسوس کہ ناتمام رہا، میرٹھ میں ایک مدرسہ بنات المسلمین بھی آپ کے اعمال حسنہ کی یادگار ہے۔ (سید سليمان ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۱۷ء)
Fiqh Islami or Islamic Jurisprudence is Muslim sacred law based on primary Islamic sources i. E. Quran and Sunnali and which provides code ofconduct to Muslims in all spheres of life. Manu Dharam Shastra or laws of Manu is one of the standard books of Hindu religious law. This article aims at comparative study of 'lawsuit in Hinduism and Islam' in light ofFiqh Islamic and Manu Dharam Shastra.
Many germplasm of Pisum sativum have been screen for estimation of genetic diversity, cluster plating and gene linkages. Little attention has been given to the development of homozygous lines from single seed descent method in pea. In the present study 24 pea lines were evaluated, out of 24 lines, 20 pre-developed novel lines of Pisum sativum were achieved through single seed descent method from the cross of Falloner and 11760-3ER. In parental combination, Falloner (female) was dwarf, bushy tendrils, leafless, no anthocyanin pigmentation, creamy flower, green pod, creamy seed color, smooth seed shape, disease resistant and low yielding. Whereas, 11760- 3ER (male) was tall, normal tendrils, leaflet present, anthocyanin pigmentation present, purple flower, purple pod, brown seed color, rough seed shape, disease susceptible and high yielding. The control lines for comparative performance was Climex (PL-22) and local cultivar (PL-21). All the selected pea lines were evaluated through morphological and molecular markers in order to select high yielding and powdery mildew resistant novel lines. These lines were further screened for estimation of genetic diversity and genetic linkages. In morphological traits analysis 9 qualitative and 22 quantitative traits were studied. Based on quantitative traits analysis, two novel high yielding and disease resistant pea lines (PL-4 and PL-5) were selected for seed certification. The grain yield of PL-4 and PL-5 is significantly (p< 0.05) high as compared to PL- 21 and PL-22. Regarding traits association, "seed coat with anthocyanin pigmentation" showed genetic linkage with "pigmentation on flower and leaf axil" and vice versa. Interestingly, the cluster analysis grouped "tall/low yielding", "dwarf/low yielding", "tall/high yielding", "dwarf/high yielding" pea lines independently. For molecular characterization, 20 RAPD and 85 SSR markers were screened to estimate genetic diversity and genetic linkage. The RAPD markers amplified 69 bands out of which 95.6% bands were polymorphic. The similarity indexes were ranging from 0.43 to 0.88%. Furthermore, out of 85 SSR markers, 12 showed genetic polymorphism and produced an average of 2 alleles per SSR locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values of SSR markers ranged from 0.08 to 0.47, with an average of 0.33. Nei’s genetic distance (GD) between accessions ranged from 0.10 to 0.92. Among the total used SSR primers, only P628 SSR marker showed significant linkage with grain yield traits at 90.91% probability. The linkage of the marker was reconfirmed through Chi-square test and showed r = 0.918 (P ≤0.00) genetic linkage. This markers can be directly utilized in MAS breeding for the selection of high yielding edible pea lines.