Reading in a report: the French National Gendarmerie, on the reasons for the cargo train coup between the cities of Ain Sefra and Bashar in 1957

It is no coincidence that the researcher in history, especially the history of the Algerian revolution, finds a missing link in the history of the Algerian revolution, which we call the history of what history has neglected. Intentionally, or unintentionally, the archives of Algeria in France, Pax- Provence, or others, or even with some Algerian families, who still hide their archives from researchers? a question that the Algerian researcher will answer to show the truth with documents. Similar to this document, which deals with a topic, in which scientific material was scarce, which is related to the revolution’s strategy to abort and eliminate French projects, the strategy of the National Liberation Army to adapt to the situation consisted in sabotaging French transportation routes, especially railways, in order to destroy France’s economy as well as When she wanted to isolate the people from their revolution, by building barbed wire at the level of the East and West.

Impact of Implementation Challenges of Capital Adequacy Ratio of Basel Accord Ii and Iii: Evidence from the Banking Sector of Pakistan.

There are controversies in literature on how impositions of capital adequacy ratio (CAR) affect the bank behavior. In this context, present study analyzed the impact of CAR on the bank behavior in terms of risk taking, lending and profitability in the banking sector of Pakistan. For this purpose, present study used sample of 26 banks due to the availability of data on CAR for the period of 2005-2015. The study contributes in literature by extending Shrieves and Dhal (1992) model in Pakistani banking sector by using 2SLS and 3SLS techniques. The study also used Chami & Cosimano (2005) model and trade-off theory, by employing GMM technique to analyze the impact of CAR on the lending and profitability behavior of Pakistani banks. Results of the study confirm that CAR is effective in limiting risk-taking behavior of Pakistani banks which restrict their lending capacity for private sector in Pakistan. However, higher CAR leads to reduced cost of bankruptcy which improves the profitability position of Pakistani banks. Furthermore, the study also aims to identify the implementation challenges of advance approach of Basel Accord by using survey questionnaire. Results of the survey show key challenges such as lack of resources, credit and operational risk and supervisory review process however, proactive risk management culture positively contributes to the implementation process. The study has policy implications for the banks and regulators by providing them insights on the tradeoff of higher CAR and recommendations to overcome implementation issue of advance approaches of Basel Accord.