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Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is one of the ever- growing health problems across the globe. Its control has been hindered by the emergence of drug resistance developed by the bacterium against key drugs used for treatment of the disease. The objective of the current study was to analyze the genetics and epidemiology of multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Azad Jammu & Kashmir. A total of 69 samples from tuberculosis suspects were screened for M. tuberculosis strains through sputum smear microscopy using Ziehl-Neelsen staining.All of the samples, either positive or negative in the smear microscopy, were checked for drug resistance by performing Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Study results showed a total of 32 samples (46.38%) were positive for M. tuberculosis in smear microcopy, whereas 56 out of 69 (81.15%) samples appeared positive in Xpert MTB/RIF assay, which establishes the authenticity of Gene Xpert assay over smear microscopy. Xpert MTB/RIF assay revealed that 4 out of 56 positive samples exhibited mutations in rpoB gene. Occurrence of tuberculosis in this study was higher in males (55.07%) than females (44.93%). The majority of the tuberculosis cases were aged between 11 to 30 years (46.38%). The medical history including incidence of adverse drug reactions during the treatment of the tuberculosis suspects were also examined. Epidemiology of MDR-TB indicated that Muzaffarabad had higher prevalence of MDR-TB than other areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. The unsatisfactory knowledge of Participants about MDR-TB and its diagnostics is critical highlights the dire need to develop educational programs for MDR-TB awareness in community along with treatment and prevention of this deadly menace.
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