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Poultry diseases are causing serious losses to poultry farmers all over the world.Outbreaks of Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) are continuously increasing despite vaccination in commercial broilers. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) associated with HPS severely affect production of meat and eggs as well as could also lead to secondary bacterial infections. The species and the serotype of FAdVs circulating in Chakwal broiler flocks are not known at present. Keeping in mind above mentioned scenario, we designed this study. The main objective of this study was recognition and characterization of FAdVs.Keeping these aspects in mind, liver tissue samples were collected from poultry flocks in Chakwal district of Pakistan (period March 2018 to October 2018). The FAdVs status was investigated using a conventional PCR assay that can detect the 12 serotypes of FAdVs. The FAdVs were detected in 8 samples from different flocks. FAdVs were genetically characterized by sequencing hexon gene. According to phylogenetic analysis, 5 FAdV strains were grouped into two unique species. Three strains were grouped to the FAdV-C species (FAdV-4) and showed close proximity at the nucleotide level. The other two strains were grouped to the FAdV-E species (FAdV-11).Furthermore, the sequencing analysis of detected field strains revealed the high similarity and close clustering with FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 strains isolated from India, Pakistan, and China, suggesting geographic and temporal relationships among these strains. This evidence emphasize the need of further detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate FAdVs diffusion and characterizationto design effective control strategies.
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