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Avian orthoavulaviruse-1 (AOAV-1) including highly pathogenic strains, pose severe economic and animal health concerns in developing countries. Live Bird Markets (LBMs) in Asian countries are considered as hubs for the spread and maintenance of different avian infectious diseases. In developing countries, poultry trade is characterized by complex chains comprising of many factors with limited biosecurity. In Pakistan, there is lack of uniformity in practices used in LBMs, leading to heavy impact in the spread of the disease. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to identify risk factors associated with AOAV-1 infections and their genetic characterization in LBMs from eight-towns of Lahore district during 2016-2018. A total of 189 poultry stalls (n=1015 birds) distributed in eight-towns were visited and a pool of 5-6 oropharyngeal swab samples was collected from each stall and tasted by RT-PCR for the Fusion (F) gene. Ninety-one (91) of 189 swab samples were found positive for AOAV-1s.The overall prevalence of the AOAV-1in poultry stalls was 48.14% (95% Cl = 41.13-55.24) observed. Data for eleven potential risk factors acquired through detailed questionnaires were analyzed by survey-weighted logistic regression and prevalence odds ratios (OR) for associated risk factors were calculated. A total of 24 AOAV-1 isolates were sequenced to examine the circulating genotype through complete F-gene. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to sub-genotype VIIi, genotype VII class II. This study provides important information on epidemiology and control of AOAV-Iin Pakistan and highlights the importance of implementing surveillances and biosecurity practices in LBMs.
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