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The OILCROP-SUN model was used to simulate the phenology, growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at different N rates, planting densities and deficit irrigation. The model was run with the data recorded from experiments conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, during spring season of 21012 and 2013. The treatments comprised of three nitrogen levels: 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1 and four irrigation levels (Control, irrigation at 45, 60 and 75 mm potential soil moisture deficit) in first trial. In the second experiment, the treatments were three plant densities (83333, 66666 and 55555 plants ha-1) and three nitrogen levels (90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having a net plot size of 3.6 m × 5 m. Both irrigation treatments (full irrigation and irrigation at 45 mm potential soil moisture deficit) were good for hybrid Hysun-33 depending upon water availability. However water can be saved by irrigation application based on PSMD as compared to control. Achene yield in response of various treatments was mainly associated with phenology, growth, light interception and photosynthetic rate of sunflower. Sowing of Hysun-33 in 60 cm apart rows keeping a plant to plant distance of 20 cm with 150 kg N ha-1 gave maximum achene yield. Higher leaf area duration (LAD) and light interception at this treatment finally led to maximum achene yield. The OILCROP-SUN model simulated phenology, growth, achene yield and oil contents with reasonably accuracy during model calibration, evaluation and validation. So this model is suitable to use as a research tool in our agro-environmental conditions. The climate change analysis indicated the negative effects of climate change on sunflower production. The OILCROP-SUN model predicted a decrease in crop duration, leaf area index, total dry matter and achene yield at increased temperatures (1 oC in 2025 and 2 oC in 2050) as compared to the present. Although increased CO2 concentration showed a positive effect on sunflower but it did not compensate the negative effects of increased temperature.
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