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Phosphorus (P) unavailability in alkaline and calcareous soils is a severe problem due to high pH and CaCO3. Fixation with Ca+2 is the major cause of low P availability to plant. It was hypothesized that coating of phosphatic fertilizer with organic polymer may cause steady release of P to increase crop yield, and improve P use efficiency in calcareous soils. For the assessment of this theory, number of lab and field experiments were conducted to study P accessibility span in soils treated with polymer coated phosphatic fertilizers. Laboratory experiments were directed to screen out the best polymer concentration (1%) and number of coatings (two layers of polymer) on different sources of phosphatic fertilizers (DAP (di-ammonium phosphate), SSP (single super phosphate), NP (nitrophos) and RP (rock phosphate)). Then these were checked in the presence of different concentrations of CaCO3 in soil. It revealed that with increasing CaCO3 level, the phosphorus fixation also increased. But the fixation was less in case of polymer coated phosphatic fertilizers at different field capacity moisture levels to quantify the available P from different sources of phosphatic fertilizers coated with and without polymer. Results showed that polymer coated phosphatic fertilizers gave better response even at 50% field capacity moisture level because it has capacity to hold water many times of its weight. The best performing polymer concentration and number of coatings on different phosphatic fertilizers were screened and tested on wheat crop in a pot study. Results revealed that coated fertilizer can increase crop yield over uncoated phosphatic fertilizer. To check its effect on yield a field trial using wheat as test crop was conducted according to RCBD (randomized complete block design) with selected polymer coated formulations. Data related to wheat growth and yield parameters indicated that polymer coated phosphatic fertilizers increased grain yield 25-31%, photosynthetic rate 8-25%, P concentration in plant 21-41%, P uptake by plant 27-116%, agronomic efficiency 6-58% and recovery efficiency 8-133% over uncoated phosphatic fertilizers.
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