Asian Research Thesis Index

Abstract

The present study was conducted on different accessions of Moraceae to  evaluate the genetic variation in them on the basis of morphological and biochemical  attributes as well as by using molecular markers (SSR and ISSR). The developmental  genes cup shaped cotyledons (CUC2) were also studied in order to confirm their  functional status. For morphological, biochemical and molecular studies mulberry fresh  leaves were taken and all the parameters were taken in replicates. Morphologically  leaves of the majority of the accessions had light green color, acute tip, and soft surface  along with cordate shaped leaves.The others had lobed shape, dark color, doubly  serrate or dentate, acuminate and coarse leaves. There were significant differences in  means of lamina length, lamina width and leaf area index. In biochemical analysis, the  carbohydrates content was the highest in Korean subni (3.7626±0.204 cm) followed by  Morus nigra(3.728±0.1795 cm), Morus latefolia (3.643±0.2458 cm) and P.F.I  (3.568±0.3057 cm). Punjab II (1.704±0.1695 cm) showed the lowest carbohydrates  content. The protein contents of Kanmasi Japan (1.7007±0.0049 cm) were higher as  compared to Punjab-II-punjab (1.4030±0.0455 cm). The higher values of carbohydrate  and protein content revealed that the leaves had the more palatability for silkworms.  Lun-40-punjab showed the highest total phenolic content. Phenolic play a key role in  traditional medicines. The maximum IC50 value was of Morus indica(172.21 mg/g)  followed by Morus alba(152.7 mg/g) and PFI (122.4 mg/g). Punjab II Punjab (11.6),  Kanmasi Japan (11.5) showed the minimum and same amount of anti-oxidant activity.  One of the developmental genes CUC2 was observed in seven Morus strains.  This strategy produced good-quality sequences, which were analyzed and compared to  each other and to theCUC2c sequence of the reference M. notabilis strain.The  sequencing results showed that the mean distance present in the overall sequence pairs  xvii   was 0.017. Molecular diversity between thirty accessions was checked through DNA  markers i.e. SSR and ISSRs by the use of different softwares (NTSYS PC 2.2, Minitab,  Statista, R) The SSRs produced 15 polymorphic bands out of 25 (60%) SS18 and  MULSTR1 showed best results with the highest PIC and hundred percent  polymorphism while the least was shown by SS04. It was also obvious that pic of SSR  was somehow less than ISSR. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) gave P  value of 0.6434. The ISSR markers showed more polymorphism with more PIC value.  The P value obtained from the results was 0.1089, while CV was 35.7. Our diversity  results proved that all group were somewhat distant

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