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Renewable energies are an option for Pakistan to fulfil her energy needs, realize developmental goals and overcome environmental issues. Previous efforts to develop these in the country remained short of expectations; therefore, Pakistan fell behind in use of these technologies. It has necessitated a quick, cost-effective and ingenious management of all future deployments. So that, Pakistan not only covers up her past deficiencies; but also benefits in future. In this research work Pakistan’s energy needs are analyzed; possible contributions of renewables are determined; deep understanding of different commercially mature RE technologies is developed; the technologies are ranked in suitability order; success stories of China, India and other countries are reviewed; in-country current status and past efforts are analyzed; and a strategic and technological framework for future has been proposed. Determination of suitable technologies for Pakistan is original and central in this work. Suitability was determined by assessing eleven fully mature and commercially available technologies, using Multi Criteria Decision Analysis technique. Two decision matrices were drawn for centralized as well as distributed deployment options. Each matrix used detailed assessment criteria, based on 106 variables, to rank the technologies for utility-scale and small deployments in Pakistan. First five technologies suitable for utility-scale deployment are; small hydro, solar PV, bio ethanol (from molasses), biomass combustion (sugarcane bagasse), and wind. In small-scale deployment first five technologies are; biogas, small hydro, solar PV, solar water heating and wind. Based on potential of renewables in Pakistan, realistic analysis of Pakistan’s past performance, learning from mistakes and successful experiences of others countries (especially, China and India); a framework is outlined based on the technologies ranked suitable for Pakistan. This includes the conceptual approach, objectives to be achieved, policy instruments, implementation strategy, recommendations to overcome existing barriers and other essentials. The framework addresses both deployment modes of renewables. This research work is expected to be useful in decision and policy making for future deployments of RE technologies in Pakistan.
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