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Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is deeply integrated in numerous contemporary applications. Recognized as the successor to the now-dated optical barcodes, RFID technology finds widespread deployment in diverse tracking, tracing, control and monitoring applications across supply chain, healthcare, and various other verticals. In its generic form, an RFID tag or transponder is typically made up of an antenna and an application-specific integrated circuit. In a passive UHF RFID system, which is the prime focus of this academic discourse, the communication among the transponder tags and the reader unit is set up by modulation of the backscattered signal by the transponder tag. More recently, a paradigm shift towards furnishing RFID tags with sensing capabilities has taken place. RFID-based sensors, particularly those operating in the UHF and UWB operational band, offer the potential to deploy fully-wireless sensor networks. However, certain operational challenges, such as the tag’s reliability, eco-friendliness, robustness and cost, still require improvement. The growth of RFID market has been two-dimensional. While the standalone RFID systems dominate one side of the market, the other side is dominated by a product strategy that focuses around integration of RFID tags with a wide array of pre-existing applications. The said is motivated by the need to serve a multitude of functions – sensing, broadcasting, navigation, and personal communication, to name a few. The aforementioned research, with its multidimensional focus, emphasizes on the production of RFID sensor tags which blend cost-effectiveness with reliability. The current research proposes novel sensors for detecting and estimating humidity and displacement realized as RFID tag antennas ready to integrate with demanding modern day applications. The most important aspect that governs the performance of an RFID system is the read range. In this research, several pivotal challenges for on-metal operation are resolved by coming up with novel structures drawing from patch antennas, in order to maximize the reading over which the tag can be interrogated. Sensor-enabled tag antennas provisioned with specific radio frequency identification circuits are designed, fabricated and tested under various design and operational constraints including limited antenna size, specific antenna impedance, and stringent radiation pattern requirements. The resulting novel sensor-integrated RFID tag antennas are amenable for deployment in the Internet of Everything.
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