Asian Research Thesis Index

Abstract

Rebellious Attitude in Urdu Short Story Rebellious attitude in human beings has been explored as an important motive in Urdu short stories. The first chapter deals with the definitions, background, range, tradition and limitations of the rebellious attitude and some Islamic concepts about it. In addition, its presence in the other genres like novel, dastaan and poetry has also been discussed. In the earlier times, rebellious attitude was expressed in various forms that shows that the poets and writers described it without any fear and due to this a few had to suffer as well. The second chapter throws light on the earlier forms of rebellious attitude. In Yaldaram school of thought, we find traces of social suppression and romance, while in Prem Chand school of thought we find rejection of the conflicting nature of social values. The third chapter shows different varieties of rebellious attitudes in the short stories written between 1932 and 1947. The short stories of Angar focus on the strong expressions of rebellion that gave a new look to the Urdu short story at that time. Similarly, the story writers of the progressive school of thought highlight an organized rebellion against political and religious exploitation and the class based society of the sub-continent. Manto and Asmat present rebellious attitude resulting from sexual and psychological frustration. The fourth chapter is about post partition Urdu short story and various forms of rebellious behavior. The short stories written under the influence of Halqa e Arbab e Zouq show a clear deviation from the traditional themes. The writers combined the topics of migration, riots and rebellious elements. The fifth chapter focuses on the following forms of the rebellious attitudes in short story. 1. Rebellion against the existing/prevailing theories. 2. Rebellion against existing topics, writers and values (Symbolic short story) 3. Rebellion against social and political suppression (Resistance in short story). 4. Rebellious attitide against self and cosmic suppression. The sixth chapter gives an overall evaluation of the rebellious attitudes.

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