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When Ukraine gained independence in 1991 the state was split between citizens who were unable to agree on the political direction of their state. This discord between pursing political relations with the West or retaining closer links with Russia has remained in Ukraine and culminated in the Euromaidan protests in 2013-2014. Russia reacted to its loss of influence in Ukraine by annexing the strategically positioned Crimean peninsula. Following the Russia‟s annexation, pro-separatist rebels in the Donbas began to rebel against the government in Kiev. Following the Russia‟s intervention in Ukraine has been in gross violation of international law and also breached several multilateral agreements with Ukraine. Russia‟s forcible intervention in Ukraine stemmed from its loss of influence in the region and the ensuing security threats to its economy as well as its military presence in Ukraine that it posed from possible expansion of NATO and EU in Ukraine. Hence Russia intervened in Ukraine with its aims to keep Ukraine within its sphere of influence in order to secure and maintain its own economic and military strength (interests), but more importantly to control the influence of the West.
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It is explained earlier that if we see the strategic location of the Ukraine then it is very important country between Russia and the EU. It has very significant position due to its entrance into the Black Sea and it also shares border with several EU member states. Furthermore, it is the major transit country for Russian gas. Ukraine is also important to Russia in terms of security calculations with its military and Black Sea Navy, based in the Crimean port of Sevastopol under a mutual agreement between the two states. When Ukraine gained independence in 1991 the citizens of state were unable to agree on the political direction of their state. This dispute between pursing political relations with the West or to maintain closer links with Russia has remained in Ukraine and culminated in the Euromaidan protests in 2013-2014. The forced upheaval as a result of the February revolution in Kiev in 2014 harmed Russia‟s vital interests. The threat to Russia‟s Black Sea Fleet remaining in Crimea and the prospect of Ukraine joining NATO led Moscow to encourage the secession of Crimea and Sevastopol. Following the Russia‟s annexation, pro-separatist rebels in the Donbas began to rebel against the government in Kiev. The separatists in the Donbas region are being supported by Russian troops and the area remains politically volatile, while Crimea remains under de facto Russian control. Following the Russia‟s intervention in Ukraine has been in gross violation of international law and also breached several multilateral agreements with Ukraine. Russia gave justifications for its military intervention in Crimea. Russia especially claims the legality of its actions under concepts of international law including the Protection of Nationals Abroad and of the Russian-speaking Population, intervention upon invitation and Right to Self-Determination. In response to Russia‟s actions, the international community has imposed economic sanctions and travel bans on Russian 53 and Crimean citizen in order to compel Russia to return Crimea to Ukraine and stop its support to rebels in eastern Ukraine. As it is mentioned earlier that of all the former Soviet states, Ukraine remains the most important to Russia because of the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet in Crimea, the transportation of oil and gas via Ukraine to Europe and also Ukraine holds significant military, economic, religious and cultural weight. The expansion of NATO and the EU into Ukrainian region is one of Russia‟s paramount concerns. Russia‟s forcible intervention in Ukraine stemmed from its loss of influence in the region and the ensuing security threats to its economy as well as its military presence in Ukraine that it posed from possible expansion of NATO and EU in Ukraine. As a result, Russia again pursued its dominance by annexing Crimea and joined its access to the Black Sea. Russia fears that with the loss of its influence over Ukraine it will become surrounded by countries aligned economically and militarily with Western powers. Hence Russia intervened in Ukraine with its aims to keep Ukraine within its sphere of influence in order to secure and maintain its own economic and military strength (interests), but more importantly to control the influence of the West. In nutshell of all, the military conflict between Ukraine and Russia has ceased recently, but tensions between the two nations remain. This explains why Russia has been willing to risk so much in order to secure its interests and to regain its influence in Ukraine.
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