خواتین کی معاشرتی حیثیت: سیرت النبیﷺ اور عصری تحدیات

Before Islam, women were victims of slavery, humiliation, oppression, and exploitation. Islam came and liberated women from slavery, humiliation, oppression, and exploitation. Islam abolished all the evil customs which were against the human dignity of women and gave them the rights which they deserved. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) endowed women with their rightful status and human dignity on both social and domestic levels. In the light of Islamic teachings, men and women have equal status as human beings. In that sense, no one is superior to another. Just as Islam calls men honorable and respectable, so too in the eyes of Islam women are honorable and have an important role to play in society. The biography of the Holy Prophet is a beacon for us. He proved by his practical life that a woman is pitiable and respectable in respect of mother, daughter, sister, wife, and other relationships. In Arab society, he proved by raising her four daughters that a woman is also a human being, therefore, she should also be given rights. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) has left out such enlightening teachings on women's social rights that by following them, women can be granted their social rights. But even today, women are being deprived of many of their social rights. There is a need to bring the social issues of women before the society in the light of Sīrat-un-Nabī. Also mention the restrictions facing women in the present. The question arises, what is the social status of women in the light of Sīrat-un-Nabī? And what are the challenges facing women today? This article is written to answer these questions. In pre-Islamic society, women were not given any importance or status in any relationship. Socially, women's rights were completely taken away and some Arab families did not even have the right to live.

Social Support As Determinant of Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Senior Citizens

The present research is planned to find out the relationship between social support, social isolation and loneliness among older adults. Factors like gender, age, residential status (i.e. rural and urban), marital status, family system, socio economic status, and education were also taken into consideration. The study was carried out in two Phases. First Phase was further comprised of two steps. In first step of Phase-I, two scales of the present study i.e. 6-Item (short) De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (1985) and 6-item (short) scale developed by Hawthorne (2006) was used in order to assess social isolation. These scales were translated into Urdu language in order to derive more natural responses from the participants. Standardized back translation procedure was used for the translation of the measures. Moreover, the Urdu version of Social Support Scale developed by Malik (2002) was also used in current study. Second step of Phase-I was accounted for the assurance of psychometric soundness of the scales. A sample of 75 older adults, conveniently approached, was used to ensure the alpha reliabilities along with other descriptive analyses. Phase-II of the present study was planned for hypotheses testing. Purposive convenient sampling technique was used to draw the sample of 500 older adults from both urban and rural areas of the various districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. An appropriate statistical analysis according to the new version of SPSS was used to draw conclusions. The age of the sample ranged from 60 to 90 years (M = 67.59, SD = 7.54). Alpha coefficients, for the all variable were computed, which ranged between. 60 for social loneliness to. 96 for social support total scale. This indicates that reliabilities are found to be satisfactory for various scales of the study. Linear regression analysis revealed that overall social support is significant negative predictor of social loneliness, emotional loneliness, overall loneliness, and social isolation. In order to examine the effect of the sub constructs of social support on outcome variables the multiple regression analysis was computed which demonstrated instrumental support and tangible aid as significant negative predictors of social isolation. Emotional support and social network support were found to be the significant predictors of social loneliness, emotional loneliness, overall loneliness, and social isolation, whereas esteem support negatively predicted social loneliness, emotional loneliness, and social isolation. Significant gender differences were found on social support and its sub constructs, whereas significant difference on all study variables were also observed for x residential status (i.e. urban or rural), age, and socio economic status. Marital status further demonstrated significant difference on emotional loneliness, overall loneliness, social isolation, and various constructs of social support. Limitations of the present study, suggestions for future empirical endeavors, and both practical as well as theoretical implications of current study have also been discussed.