صحتِ انسانی اور صحت مند ماحول میں نباتات کا کردار: سائنس اوراسلامی تعلیمات کے تناظر میں ایک مطالعہ

The research paper deals with role of plants in human health and healthy environment in the context of Qur'anic verses and science. The concept of growing plants for health rather than for food or fiber is slowly changing plant biotechnology and medicine. Rediscovery of the connection between plants and health is responsible for launching a new generation of botanical therapeutics that include plant-derived pharmaceuticals, multi component botanical drugs, dietary supplements, functional foods and plant-produced recombinant proteins. Many of these products will soon complement conventional pharmaceuticals in the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of diseases, while at the same time adding value to agriculture. Holy Quran describes the importance of rain as pure water to irrigate dead soil and emergence of life (plant’s growth) from the dead soil. Plants provide foods for human beings and are necessary for healthy environment. Man is an omnivore who gets his food from both plant and animal sources. However, for immediate energy, humans rely more on plant starches and soluble sugars, including glucose and edible sugar. Generally, our normal diet consists of rice or wheat bread which is a very important source of starch.  Sugar and fats are the two most important components of food managed by plants. Apart from this, the man manages vegetables and salads from plants which are the guarantors of his health/survival in modern times. There are many reasons for diversity in plants. The obvious reason is the chemistry of that particular piece of land, what kind of minerals/salts and other nutrients that land has and what types of plants can grow there in their presence. In this research written with a descriptive and analytical approach, it is proved that according to Quran and science plants have a great role in human health and healthy environment.

Kras Oncogenic Mutation Pattern in Pakistani Patients Presenting With Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in a Northern Tertiary Referal Centre

Veterinary Pathology Pathology Abstract Colorectal cancer is a global disease with marked morbidity and mortality. Involvement of genetic and environmental factors produces variability in its prevalence. KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) is one of the important genes responsible for sporadic CRC. The constitutive GTPase activity of the gene is lost when it gets mutated and so the deregulated cells undergo unrestricted proliferation leading to oncogenesis. From therapeutic point of view, patients with KRAS mutations do not benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition drugs as those who possess normal KRAS. The analysis of KRAS mutations is therefore important from both diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Diagnostic methodology and the valuable information of this study will be quite helpful in future. The objectives of this study were to document the KRAS oncogenic mutation pattern mostly in Northern Pakistani residents presenting in AFIP, Rawalpindi after their intestinal resection due to CRC. The other objective was to relate this mutation pattern with histopathological categorical variables like age, gender, presenting clinical complaint, tumor site, size, histological differentiation, modified Duke Stage of tumor, nodal metastasis and metastasis in other organs. Hundred and eighty one cases of CRC from persons residing in northern area of Pakistan were collected and observed for the above mentioned parameters. DNA was extracted from the tumors and normal tissues of all the study subjects. PCR was done for gene amplification and the status of KRAS mutations in Pakistani CRC patients was analyzed by gene sequencing. The results showed more prevalence of CRC in the males of northern areas of Pakistan. Both males and females with higher average age had high tendency to acquire CRC. Rectum was found to be the most common location of CRC, followed by sigmoid. Exophytic well differentiated adenocarcinomas were the most common form of CRC. Gene sequencing did not show even a single KRAS mutation in the tested samples. It can be inferred from this study that either there is no KRAS mutation in northern area patients suffering from CRC or the mutation frequency of this particular gene is relatively very low as compared to the results of studies reported in the literature. A wider scale study of these patients may prove the cause of CRC to be due to mutation of some other genes or may be due to some non-genetic factors.