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Home > Kras Oncogenic Mutation Pattern in Pakistani Patients Presenting With Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in a Northern Tertiary Referal Centre

Kras Oncogenic Mutation Pattern in Pakistani Patients Presenting With Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in a Northern Tertiary Referal Centre

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Qayyum, Azhar.

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Health Sciences

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Pathology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9363/1/Azhar%20Qayyum_HIstopatholoby_2016_UHS_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726572360

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Veterinary Pathology Pathology Abstract Colorectal cancer is a global disease with marked morbidity and mortality. Involvement of genetic and environmental factors produces variability in its prevalence. KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) is one of the important genes responsible for sporadic CRC. The constitutive GTPase activity of the gene is lost when it gets mutated and so the deregulated cells undergo unrestricted proliferation leading to oncogenesis. From therapeutic point of view, patients with KRAS mutations do not benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition drugs as those who possess normal KRAS. The analysis of KRAS mutations is therefore important from both diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Diagnostic methodology and the valuable information of this study will be quite helpful in future. The objectives of this study were to document the KRAS oncogenic mutation pattern mostly in Northern Pakistani residents presenting in AFIP, Rawalpindi after their intestinal resection due to CRC. The other objective was to relate this mutation pattern with histopathological categorical variables like age, gender, presenting clinical complaint, tumor site, size, histological differentiation, modified Duke Stage of tumor, nodal metastasis and metastasis in other organs. Hundred and eighty one cases of CRC from persons residing in northern area of Pakistan were collected and observed for the above mentioned parameters. DNA was extracted from the tumors and normal tissues of all the study subjects. PCR was done for gene amplification and the status of KRAS mutations in Pakistani CRC patients was analyzed by gene sequencing. The results showed more prevalence of CRC in the males of northern areas of Pakistan. Both males and females with higher average age had high tendency to acquire CRC. Rectum was found to be the most common location of CRC, followed by sigmoid. Exophytic well differentiated adenocarcinomas were the most common form of CRC. Gene sequencing did not show even a single KRAS mutation in the tested samples. It can be inferred from this study that either there is no KRAS mutation in northern area patients suffering from CRC or the mutation frequency of this particular gene is relatively very low as compared to the results of studies reported in the literature. A wider scale study of these patients may prove the cause of CRC to be due to mutation of some other genes or may be due to some non-genetic factors.
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۵۴۔ کھوکھلی محبت

کھوکھلی محبت

میں تیری محبت کی عفت کو کیسے مان لوں

جو کئی قسم کی محبتوں کا مرکب ہے

دغا کی عفونت

لالچ کی رنگینیاں

جھوٹ کی نمائش

فریفتگی کے جھانسے

وعدوں کا فریب

اس عارضی رنگین مرکب کو کیا سمجھوں

چند روزہ سکوں۔۔؟

یا غلاظت کے ڈھیر پہ پڑا ہوا گلاب

Islamic Charity and Social Development in Pakistan

“Whoever extinguishes the fire of the greed of “Nafs (self)” gets prosperous” is the leitmotif of Quran. Islam in its best is the religion of the oppressed, even itsworships rather than mere rituals are conduit of socioeconomic and political justice a panacea to social development. Prayers of community stay hypocritical ifpoverty, destitution and oppression prevail in community. Quran crushes the spirit of acquisitiveness and strikes moral order based on socio-economic andpolitical justice. For social equilibrium charity, Zakat and Sadaqat are recurrent theme of Quran. To the Dreamer and the Architect, Pakistan was poised tobecome an Islamic welfare state. So, this paper intends to portray what is needed to eliminate social inequalities in the social fabric of the state. What the people and the state ought to do in the light of Islamic ideals? To Shah Wali Allah, Zakat is a sure enough recipe to run a state and strike social equilibrium if employed to the spirit of Quran.

Isolation, Modification, Characterization, Pharmaceutical Applications of Hydrogel from Seeds of Cydonia Oblanga

Extraction of Quince hydrogel (QH) was accomplished from seeds of Cydonia oblonga M (Quince) by hot water extraction method. Characterization of QH was accomplished by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetic analysis (TGA). Swelling of QH was carried out in deionized water, buffer solutions of pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4 by using gravimetric analysis, inferring that QH showed high swelling capacity in deionized water and buffer solutions of pH 7.4 and 6.8 while minor swelling was noticed in acidic buffer of pH 1.2, indicating QH as a potential biomaterial for fabrication of targeted drug delivery. Kinetic models were also applied to the swelling data acquired from swelling studies. It was concluded that swelling of QH in deionized water and phosphate buffers of pH 6.8 and 7.4 followed second order swelling kinetics. Responsiveness of QH to concentration of electrolytes was also ascertained by carrying out swelling of QH in different molar concentrations of NaCl and KCl solutions (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 M). The QH was deduced to be responsive to concentration of electrolytes, showing a decrease in swelling capacity with increasing molar concentration of electrolytes. Swelling deswelling (on-off) response of QH was also evaluated in water and ethanol, water and normal saline and phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 and acidic buffer of pH 1.2. When water swollen QH was immersed into saline and ethanol, deswelling of QH was noticed however, deswelling in ethanol was abrupt as compared to deswelling in saline solution. Similar swelling deswelling response was noticed in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 and acidic buffer of pH 1.2. These findings prove QH to be stimuli sensitive biomaterial with potential to be used in developing stimuli responsive drug delivery system.