کتب سماویہ اور انسانی فکر کا ارتقاء ایک علمی و تحقیقی جائزہ

Allah has created human being and gave him the power of intellectual understandings. To utilize and make positive use of this Allah sent Holy books for guidance. While, keeping the sequence of these books and the historical evolution of human mind, one can easily recognize the symmetrical progress in both. Human starts living in caves and through his intelligence created homes to live, tools to gain meal, and so on, till todays growth. As far as, evolution of Holy books is considered, Scriptures were revealed in different portions as human at that stage couldn’t write or store on pages or another source. Old Testament was revealed earlier. It is combination of Torah, Psalms and other books. In the context of Islam, Torah was the first book revealed on Hazrat Mosa, in which commandments were given as per the level of Bani Israel. Afterwards, Psalms, containing poetic way inspires Bani Israel after the Torah and the Bible Last Holy book in the generation of Israel, comprises of observational and experiential way, as required in that era. Holy Quran, compiled and final version of all the past version, is summary and elemental book. In which, descriptive, observational, experiential, poetic, logical, argumentative and comprehensive technique are present. These all shows, ultimate intellectual growth of human is being address in Holy Quran. As Human is now intellectually at its peak so the teaching and techniques used are at highest level of literature, showing the step by step evolution and association of Holy books with Human being.

Knowledge Mangeme Nt As a Tool for Educational Leadership in Pakistan

This thesis presents those factors that are found to mainly affect the satisfaction and stress levels of engineering students in Pakistan. Students form different public and private sector engineering universities of Punjab are selected for this purpose. Data is randomly collected with the help of two surveyors. Reliability of the two surveyors is confirmed with the help of Measurement System Analysis. Questionnaires are based on students’ expectations from their respective institutions. Randomly collected data is analyzed on software MINITAB 14. Six sigma techniques of Measurement System Analysis, Affinity diagram, Pareto analysis, SIPOC (Supplier Input Process Output Customer) analysis, Cause and Effect Matrix, Scatter plots and Person correlation co- efficient are used for reaching the most significant factors. Results indicate that teaching skills of teachers are found to mainly affect the satisfaction level of engineering students. On further probe, it is observed that communication and interactive skills are the most vital teaching skills that influence the student satisfaction. Further elaborating the communication skills, it is revealed that interactive behavior of teachers and their clear concepts deeply affect the satisfaction level of students. Similarly, careless marking by the teachers are found to produce maximum stresses among the male engineering students, while, on the other hand, teachers’ discouraging attitude to take girls on industrial trips and their lack of conducting class tests are responsible for developing stresses among female engineering students. Moreover, poor command of English language as well as lack of personal confidence are some of the factors that are found to create maximum stresses in the students belonging remote and backward areas of Pakistan. Improvement strategies are then developed to enhance the communication and interaction skills of teachers. Significant increase in the satisfaction level of the students is observed after the implementation of the strategies. Identification of these factors can guide the educational leadership of these institutions to precisely focus their resources in the above mentioned factors for the best satisfaction of their students, as it will certainly improve the transfer and creation of knowledge among these students.