Obligingness to Leadership: A Case Study of the Qur’an

We can divide human beings into two categories: Leaders and Followers. Leaders are a few, the rest of the overwhelming majority of the human beings are followers. They show an earnest tendency of following or obligingness towards their leaders. This capacity of the following is exploited and abused by the egoist and toxic leaders to bring destruction to their followers and the world. The author of the paper tries to explore and determine the motives of obligingness or complaisance of blind following. The author studies this phenomenon in the light of theories of the hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow, The Situational Factor by Philip Zimbardo, the Function of Labeling by Albert Bandura and Ego Depletion by Michael Cholbi. These theories have earned good acceptance from the experts. The theories are found helpful to understand the mentality of leaders and their followers as described by the Qur’ān. These theories are applied to some selected cases from the Qur’ān to reach a better understanding of the phenomenon. The Qur’ān at many places describes and discusses this human tendency. It presents dialogue between the leaders and their blind followers in the life hereafter, the person of Pharaoh, his maneuvering, his courtiers, the common people of Egypt, the followers of pagan chieftains and their opposition to the prophets give us ample description to know how blind following actually works under the influence of leadership. The author hopes that this study helps understand the mentality of the present day leaders and their blind or complaisant followers.

Chemistry of Stem of Murraya Koenigii

The present phytochemical investigations described the isolation of chemical constituents from the stem of indigenous plant Murraya koenigii(L.) Spreng which is commonly known as curry plant. This thesis is divided into two parts. PART A Phytochemical studies of Murraya koenigii PART B Pharmacological investigation of isolated compounds In Part A, the introduction describes biosynthesis of carbazole alkaloids, their pharmacological importance and list of previously isolated chemical constituents.In the present study, total eleven different compounds have been isolated from the stemof M. koenigii. Among these isolated compounds eightwere identified as new compounds namely, aronine (66), afifine (67), jerinine (68), ferinine (69), atinine (70), zolidine (71), osinine (72) and2-methyl-3-(1-methyl cyclohex-2-en) propanol-ol (73). Moreover,other three known compoundsmurrayanine (1), mahinimbine (3) andgrinimbine (14) were also identified during this phytochemical work. In Part Bpharmacologicalactivities namely, antifungal and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of isolated compounds have been studied. The three compound girnimbine,murayanine and afifine showed antifungal activities and murrayanine and jerinine showed antibactrial activities against the tested strains. Furthermore, murrayanine, ferinine, girimbine, afifine and jerinine exhibited positive antioxidant activity.