آزادی کے بعد سے ۲۰۱۵ تک سندھی زبان میں تصنیف شدہ کتب سیرت کا مطالعاتی جائزہ

During the Arab Rule in Sindh, there had been great and featured research work in all fields of Islamic knowledge particularly in the field of Qurʾān, Hadīth and biography of Prophet Muḥammad PBUH. After the Arabs, The Kalhora’s period is known as the golden period of education, literature and civilization in the history of Sindh. Prior to this, the scholars of Sindh had written various voluminous works on Islamic knwoledge in Arabic and Persian. During this period, a movement initiated amongst the scholars of Sindh, which encouraged them for writing and compiling books in local Sindhi Language inspite of vernacular Arabian and Persian languages. As such, a remarkable work of authorship and compilation had been made in various fields including Islamic studies in general and in the field of biography of Hazrat Muḥammad PBUH, which thereafter remained continued in the days of Talpur’s, British Rule and till to date. This paper is the analytical survey of Sīrah Literature being produced in Sindh from 1947 to 2015 CE in local Sindhi Language.

Food Price and Households Welfare Comparisons: Evidence from Household Panel Data in Rural Pakistan

This study analyzes static and dynamic welfare impacts of real food price changes across various income and land holding groups, low price, and high price periods as well as across region. This study uses panel data set, Pakistan Rural Household Survey, PIDE, with the objective to analyze dynamic consumption behavior. All three rounds (2001, 2004 and 2010) are used. This research work makes three main contributions in literature. First, this study uses QUAIDS demand model to estimate demand functions for eight food groups''-cereals, meat, milk and milk products, vegetables, cooking oil, pulses and other food. The system of equations is estimated by NLSUR using the result of Lagrange Multiplier, and of test on the coefficient of squared expenditure term, which supports the inclusion of squared expenditure term in food demand model. This study tests for endogeneity and uses control function for its correction. The problem of observed zero expenditure is dealt with a two-steps procedure. Second, it decomposes overall sample into low price and high price periods, and uses expenditure and price elasticity coefficients from QUAIDS to analyze static and dynamic welfare effects of real food price changes. The compensated variation (CV), money metric loss from food price changes, is estimated for all subsamples: upper and bottom income quintiles, landless, small and large landowners and Sindh and Punjab. Third, this study compares the findings of this study on welfare implications of food price changes based on QUAIDS with the earlier research, which used other specifications of the demand system. In addition, this study analyzes the food insecurity of rural household by using various indicators across periods, and for the entire sample. The indicators used in the study are per adult equivalent calorie, vii calorie availability per capita, calorie from staple food, and percentage share of food expenditures. The findings indicated that dynamic welfare impacts of real food price changes are lower than static welfare impacts in all subsamples. The static and dynamic welfare impacts are higher for poorest in the income group and for landless in the land holding group. Across regions, static and welfare impacts of real food price changes are smaller in Punjab as compared to Sindh. Across periods, money metric losses from food price changes are significantly larger in high price period than low price period. Households are food insecure on the medium scale in the sample period. All indicators, except percentage share of food, worsen in high price period implying negative welfare impact of food price changes on food security. The findings of this study, based on appropriate methodology, answers many questions raised by policy makers on food insecurity.