Coverage of Women Issues in the Pakistan’s Press: A Critical Analysis

The aim of this research is to thoroughly analyze the part multilingual dailies play in covering women issues in Pakistan. It is rooted from national newspapers, the Daily ‘Dawn’, the Daily ‘Jang’ and the Daily ‘Kawish’ in the year of 2011. The study explores to what extent of the violence against women and education issue of women is dealt by the sampled dailies. The study employed content analysis a quantitative research methodology during 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011. The contents of the newspaper were measured in column per centimeter of the space of one year. For this research work three major dailies of three different languages, the Daily Dawn, the Daily Jang and the Daily Kawish were selected. In sum up, an elite class newspaper the Daily Dawn has published 562 very little issues of women and used 0.6 percent of the total capacity which is of 4353024 co./cm in the year of 2011. However, the Sindhi language newspaper, the Daily Kawish has used 2430 a little more issue of women and covered 2.3 percent of total capacity of 1678976 col./cm of this daily in 2011. To some extent, the Urdu language newspaper the Daily Jang has reported 1297 more number of women issues and used 1 percent of total capacity of 2423616 col./cm in one year. Hence, the result shows that Pakistani press gives a little bit space to issues of women rights. Although, the Daily Dawn and the Daily Kawish have reported more issues of violence against women but the Daily Jang (an Urdu language newspaper) has covered more education problems of women in its newspaper in the year of 2011.

Comparative Efficacy of Different Fractions of Yeast Sludge and Toxin Binders Against Detoxification of Aflatoxins in Broiler

3.1. Abstract Present experiment was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, yeast sludge was collected. Distilleries were selected from Central, Upper and Southern areas of Punjab province. In phase 2, variation in chemical analyses of different yeast sludge (Washed and As Such) collected from various distilleries were conducted that included proximate analyses, true protein and mannan oligosaccharide estimation. The yeast sludge was sonicated for determination of mannan oligosaccharide contents of each fraction. The Crescent Sugarmill (35.26 ± 0.67 %) was found to have highest crude protein followed by Murree’s Brewery (30.54 ± 0.46 %). However, both showed non-significant effects statistically for true protein. The washing was found to improve the nutritive value of yeast sludge. The sonication technique was found to separate the cell wall and cell soluble. The washed yeast sludge collected from Murree’s Brewery showed the highest mannan oligosaccharides (1.74 ± 0.13 %) among all. The cell wall sonicated from Muree’s Brewery yeast sludge was highest (2.33 ± 0.17 %) among all. This was an indicative of binding potential of yeast sludge against mycotoxins especially AFs. 4.1 . Abstract The objective of this study was to compare binding capacity of yeast sludge fractions i.e. Cell Wall and Cell Solubles, with commercial glucomannan product against different levels of AFB1 and AFG1. A total of 390 1-d-old chicks were randomly divided into 13 treatments with three replicates per treatment and ten chicks per replicate. The 13 treatments included a control without AFs (B1 + G1) and toxin binder, a positive control with different levels of AFB1 and AFG1 and without toxin binder and three different adsorbents with different levels of combinations of AFB1 and AFG1 in a factorial arrangement from 8th day of age till 28th day. Yeast sludge was sonicated into Yeast sludge cell wall and yeast sludge cell soluble. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Depressed feed intake and body weight were observed as compared to the control. A non-significant effect between yeast sludge cell wall and glucomannan product was observed but was significant as compared to the control. The AFs showed significant effect on weight gain, relative liver weight, relative giblet weight and serum minerals and non-significant effect on feed intake, FCR, relative heart weight, relative gizzard weight, dressing percentage, keel and shank length, serum phosphorus. The different toxin binders showed significant effects on feed intake, weight gain, FCR, relative liver weight, giblet weight, serum albumin, cholesterol and serum minerals while non-significant effect was observed on relative heart weight, keel and shank length, relative gizzard weight, dressing percentage, glucose and serum phosphorus. The data thus obtained indicated that yeast sludge cell wall showed non-significant effects with glucomannan product whereas yeast sludge cell soluble showed significantly depressed effect on the production, liver and serum minerals.5.1. Abstract: A comparative study was conducted to determine the effect of yeast sludge cell wall and commercial toxin binders against different levels of AFB1 in broilers from 8 to 28 days of age. A total of 390 1-d-old chicks were divided into 13 treatments. Each treatment was further divided into three replicates with ten birds in each. The control contained no AFB1 and toxin binder in the feed. AFB1 treatments was offered with different levels of AFB1 (100, 200 and 300 μg / kg) without toxin binder in feed. The remaining treatments included yeast sludge cell wall and different commercial toxin binders at different levels of AFB1 in a factorial arrangement. Ad libitum feed and water were offered. Among AFB1 treatments, 200 and 300 μg / kg AFB1 levels showed 37.42 % and 36.38 % decrease in weight gain that lead to 1.41 and 1.35 times increase in FCR as compared to control. The treatments, AFs levels and toxin binders showed non-significant effect for serum ALAT and glucose and significant on albumin and uric acid. The treatments, AFs levels and toxin binders showed significant effect for tibial ash, tibial calcium and non-significant for tibial phosphorus. The AFs, toxin binders and toxin binders × AFs showed non-significant effect for liver Mg, liver Mn and liver Cu whereas treatments and AFs showed significant effects on liver zinc. It can be concluded that AFB1 can affected the growth significantly at different levels significantly. Like other toxin binders, yeast sludge cell wall was found to nullify the deleterious effects of AFB1 significantly and showed non-significant effect among themselves at different levels of AFB1..