پچھلی رُت
پچھلی رُت کی بات نہ کر تُو
کچھ بھی نہیں ہے پہلے جیسا
تُو بھی نہیں ہے پہلے جیسا
میں بھی نہیں ہوں پہلے جیسا
ہر کونپل اک سوچ میں گم ہے
سوکھے پتّے دیکھ رہے ہیں
جب تُو مجھ کو چھوڑگیا تھا
پتّے سارے سوکھ گئے تھے
کیا غم تھا سب ٹوٹ گئے تھے
آنکھوں کا دریا جاری تھا
کس خواہش کا خون ہوا تھا
بلبل گانا بھول گئی تھی
پچھلی رُت کی بات نہ کر تُو
کچھ بھی نہیں ہے پہلے جیسا
پچھلی رُت میں ساتھ تھے دونوں
اب میں تنہا ، تُو بھی تنہا
پچھلی رُت کی بات نہ کر تُو
کچھ بھی نہیں ہے پہلے جیسا
The relationship between English (in what this term comes to mean as a language, as a discipline of studies, and as a synecdoche of Western culture) and our culture as Muslim Pakistanis has developed over a period of time since the British colonization. The history of this cultural interaction may be divided into three broad phases: the initial, the middle, and the present. The strategy adopted in this paper is based upon the argument that this relationship may be traced through some of the most representative figures of our culture, such as, Shibli, Iqbal, Faiz etc. In each phase of this interaction. The present essay on Shibli deals with the first phase of our cultural interaction with English. It adopts what may be termed as an analogical approach to the issue as it intends to engage with what I think to be rather unwarranted psychoanalytic forays of some of our critics into the psycho-dynamics of such culturally representative figures like Shibli in their relationship with English. The paper exploits the analogy first used by Sheikh Muhammad Ikram, and later employed by Nasir Abbas Nayyar that Shibli’s attitude towards English was the same as his attitude towards his step-mother at home. English, in other words, was a step-mother for Shibli, and for the generations represented through his figure in this early phase of our cultural interaction with the language. Shibli’s terms of engagement with his step-mother, and analogically with English, is the subject of this essay.
Similarity Between Rembrandt and Hardy: Chiaroscuro and Fate/Nature Vs. Human Struggle The aim of this study is to add a new dimension to critical approach towards the works of both art and literature. It will help broaden the spectrum of the critical appreciation of the creative works in both art and literature. Presently we all admire and analyze the creative works of art and literature, but consider them as separate entities. Whereas the basic difference between the works of art and literature is only the difference of medium that is., lines, shapes colours and words. The forces that work behind every creative work are the same like the desire to express, communicate, appreciate and being appreciated. The source of information and inspiration is also the same; it is the world around us. So while commenting on the writer of a specific school of thought, the artists, musicians, architects and even the designers of the same school of thought should also be considered. This Research is carried out in three phases. In phase-I, the views of writers, critics, historians and scholars, who in any way have contributed to the fields of intertextuality and interdisciplinary studies are discussed. These included; D.H. Lawrance, Harold Bloom, Mark Staff Brandl, William Hazlitt and Annie Escuret. In phase II Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Hardy's use of fate/nature vs. human struggle in particular are considered. The photographs of Rembrandt's paintings' etchings and drawings are studied, discussed and analyzed. The characters in Hardy's novels are also studied discussed and analyzed with reference to their respective background. Hardy's philosophy of life is also considered. In phase III, the final analysis is carried out by comparing both the contrasts presented by Rembrandt and Hardy in their creative works. We do expose our literature and art students to different schools of thought, artists and writers; but the knowledge which we expose them to, is fragmentary and isolated. Instead of a congenial whole, different pieces of information float in their minds like small detached entities. That is why our majority students lack the ability to extend their personal and critical ideas about an issue or a fact. A comprehensive, comparative and integrated study; which involves different fields of knowledge, will help develop a mature critical thinking in our students. It will lead them to a better understanding of life and the world around them.