پروفیسر عبدالقادر سروری مرحوم
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ پروفیسر عبدالقادر سروری مرحوم صدر شعبۂ اردو کشمیر یونیورسٹی نے دفعتہ انتقال کیا، اس سے پہلے وہ عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی میں تھے، ان کا وطن بھی حیدرآباد تھا، پروفیسرزور مرحوم کے انتقال کے بعد ان کی جگہ کشمیر یونیورسٹی میں آگئے تھے، مرحوم اردو زبان کے بڑے مخلص خدمت گذار تھے، اگرچہ وہ شعبہ اردو کے صدر اور متعدد کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، لیکن ان میں طالب علمانہ شوق اور طلب تھی، انجمن ترقی اردو کے جلسوں میں بارہا ان سے ملاقات ہوئی، بڑے متواضع اور خاکسار تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اپریل ۱۹۷۱ء)
This paper presents Nepal’s experience regarding perinatal death surveillance and the country’s response in reducing preventable perinatal deaths. In developing this paper, evidence of perinatal mortality in Nepal is brought from secondary sources, mainly the assessment report of Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) system. As of 2019, this initiative has been implemented in 77 hospitals across Nepal. Challenges and barriers in implementing the MPDSR system need to be brought to attention, as the system is being scaled up to 110 hospitals. Data from the Perinatal Death Review revealed that 72% of the maternal deaths occurred during the post-partum period, due to (i) post-partum haemorrhage, (ii) hypertensive disorder, (iii) pregnancy-related infections, and (iv) non-obstetric causes. In 70% of the cases such deaths could have been prevented. Majority of perinatal deaths, at 71%, were stillbirths, mainly due to low child weight of less than 2500 grams. In conclusion, there is urgent need for the national guidelines for MPDSR system to be amended, additional and continued training provision to the health workforce, improvement in the coordination and feedback mechanism, and strengthening of the information management system
Design Features of Monolingual Urdu Pedagogical Dictionary For Advanced Learners of Urdu Language The lexicographic tradition in Monolingual Urdu Dictionaries is very old but the implications of modern postulates of lexicography are not evident in compiling Urdu monolingual dictionaries. The present study deals with a description of design features of a pedagogical monolingual Urdu learners’ dictionary for the advanced learners of Urdu on the tradition set by the COBUILD dictionary. Basically the study looks at three perspectives: the opinions of the user (learners and teachers of Urdu) of monolingual Urdu dictionaries, assessing the possibilities of collecting a database or corpus of Urdu as a basis of a monolingual advanced learners’ dictionary of Urdu and design features of a pedagogical Urdu monolingual advanced learners’ dictionary. The study is descriptive. The data regarding the opinions of the learners and teachers of Urdu was collected through a questionnaire. The theoretical framework was based on the questionnaire based studies conducted by Diab (1998) and Iqbal (1987). The responses collected from the teachers and learners of Urdu were statistically analyzed by securing the mean score against each statement. The second perspective of the study was to see how far it is possible to collect a corpus of Urdu as a basis of a monolingual learners’ dictionary of Urdu. A number of studies (The EMILLE Project 2004, Becker & Riaz 2002, Anwer, Wang & Wang 2006, Hussain & Ijaz 2008, Hussain 2008, Chohan & Bukhari 2009) have been reported in the area of Urdu corpus. CRULP (Center of Research in Urdu Language Processing) collected a corpus of 19 million words which is used to design an Urdu-English dictionary. These studies maintain that there is a great potential as far as the collection of a corpus is concerned. The third and the central concern of the study is to design the features of a pedagogical monolingual learners’ dictionary for advanced learners of Urdu language and for this purpose the design features of the COBUILD dictionary were taken as model. This choice is made on the grounds that this dictionary is meant both for teachers and students; it bears some unique features in its design and has got the appraisal of many critics (see Boguraev 1990, Aarts & Meijs 1990, Krishnamurthy 2002, 2001). Moreover the results drawn from the above mentioned surveys of both the learners and teachers of Urdu also provided insights to determine the essential features of a pedagogical monolingual learners’ dictionary for the advanced learners of Urdu. The results concluded that there is a great need to design a monolingual learners’ dictionary for advanced learners of Urdu and the compiling a corpus based monolingual Urdu learners’ dictionary for advanced learners will bring innovative changes in learning and teaching of Urdu and lexicographic tradition of Urdu. Finally, the design features of a pedagogical monolingual Urdu dictionary for the advanced learners of Urdu were established. These features were based on these aspects: the possibility of the application of the method adopted in the COBUILD and the possibility of collection the corpus of Urdu and the availability of the technical and technological needs while collecting the corpus of Urdu. The study concluded that greater possibilities are there to collect a corpus of Urdu and the selected model of COBUILD dictionary can also b applied on a corpus based monolingual Urdu dictionary for advanced learners of Urdu.
