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Home > Ghassan Kanafani and Kreshan Chandar A Comparative Study in Resistance Literature

Ghassan Kanafani and Kreshan Chandar A Comparative Study in Resistance Literature

Thesis Info

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Author

Rahman, Saeed Ur

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Arabic Languages & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11011/1/Saeed%20ur%20Rehman_Arabic%20Literature_2017_UoPunjab_Image.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724734065

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This dissertation is a comparative study in the literature of resistance between the two famous writers: (Ghassan Kanafani and Kreshan Chandar) in Arabic and Urdu languages respectively. It is obvious that the similarity between the global literatures is a well-known phenomenon and we find this similarity clearly in the literature of Arabic writer Ghassan Kanafani and Urdu writer Kreshan Chandar, because Ghassan Kanafani tasted the bitterness of immigration and asylum after the occupation of Palestine by the Jews with the help of British conspiracy. Similarly, Kreshan Chandar grew up in the affected areas of the occupied Kashmir, and he also tasted the bitterness of immigration and asylum after the liberation of the Indian subcontinent from British colonial rule in 1947and he saw injustice closely. This dissertation contains on preface and four chapters: 1- Preface includes the concept of comparative literature, concept of resistance and concept ofliteratureofresistance. 2- Chapter 1 includes the brief history of Kashmir and Palestine. 3- Chapter 2 Ghassan Kanafani, his life briefly and his literature of resistance. 4- Chapter 3The life of KershanChandarbrieflyand his literature of resistance. 5- Chapter 4 comparative study of the resistive literature of the two writers with similarities and differences. Themajor findings of the researchare: 1- Both writers have agreed to urge women and laboring classes to resist injustice andoppression,theyalso urging them to renounce optimism and despair. 2- Both refused defeat, and confirmed to resist all kinds of the problems and hurdles. They alsoresisted blind imitation of foreign culture. 3- Both haveagreedthat before making anyrevolution revival of peoples and nations must be done. 4- Both have tried through their stories to reflect the images of their communities and the realities of theirenvironment without anyfear. I have also highlighted the differences between the two writers as below:1- Kanafani stresses upon resistance of death, Zionist occupation, incapable leaders, migration, weak national identity, and wrong direction in the bios, he also realized that dignity, greatness and lost cannot be restored by the tears in the history of nations. 2- Kreshan Chandar violates the idea of war, and wants to change the outdated system, hated colonialism, feudal lords and capitalists in general, he also strongly resists the exploitation of religion for personal purposes, splitting countries on the basis of religion sectarian violence, injustice with woman, religious education, counter extremism in all formsand forced marriage We hope that this study will be a useful addition in the field of comparative literature, and has opened up new opportunities for the students of Arabic language and researchers in the field of comparative literature in general, and literature of resistance especially, In Sha’ALLAH.
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جے کر لبھنا ایں توں سچ

جے کر لبھنا ایں توں سچ
نت گناہاں کولوں بچ
جیہڑا رزق حرام دا ہے
ہڈیاں اندر جاندا رچ
بختاں نال ترقی کردے
بھانویں ہیرا بھانویں کچ
سچا ہیں تاں ڈر کی
کوٹھے اتے چڑھ کے نچ
اوہو بانا چنگا اے
جیہڑا جگ نوں جاوے جچ
بھانویں پیر فقیر ہزار
اچا شاہ علی دا مچ
قول قراروں جاوے بھج
بندا نہیں اوہ جانیں کھچ
پاک رسول محمدؐ حق
سب توں وڈا ایہو سچ

رحلة معادلاتية في علم الملكوت الأعلي

This paper establishes a novel breakthrough in my world pioneering academic theory of unfolding the miracles ofIslam in Mathematical Sciences. Ofparticular significance is the humble step on the way of computing the First Minimum Newtonian Approximation (FMNA) of the distance between the lobe of the ear and the shoulder ofone of the bearer angels of the Divine Throne of Allah the Almighty according to the approved correct speech ofProphet Muhammad(p). The paper makes an effort to illustrate that at the top level of human intelligence, even numbers, dimensions, spaces and all other forms of human knowledge would definitely prostrate in full submission to the greatness ofAllah, the most exalted.

Morpho-Physiological, Chemical and Bio-Chemical Assessment of Chilli Genotypes in Different Saline Regimes

Salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and productivity worldwide. The salinity-induced reduction in growth and development of plants is associated with ionic/osmotic effects, nutritional imbalance or oxidative stress. Chillies are sensitive to salinity and its growth reduction is reported in developing countries. Different germination and pot trials were conducted to identify morphological, chemical and bio-chemical attributes that can be used for characterization of salinity tolerance in chilli genotypes. In first experiment, 10 Chilli genotypes were screened out for salinity tolerance. One salt sensitive and one salt tolerant genotypes were selected on the basis of morphological and chemical attributes (germination percentage, shoot length, root length, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and leaf sodium and potassium contents). Then, effects of different salinity levels were assessed on morpho-physiological, chemical, biochemical and enzymatic attributes of salt tolerant and salt sensitive chilli genotypes. With the increase in salt stress, the antioxidant enzymatic activity was increased in both genotypes but higher enzymatic activity was noted at 5.0 and 7.0 dS m-1 salt stress in salt tolerant genotype Plahi. In the third experiment, both genotypes were tested for phospholipid signaling under salt stress and both showed increasing pattern of PIP2 and PIP responses and again maximum signaling response was observed for the salt tolerant genotype Plahi. There was an optimization experiment to find out the best proline dose that could alleviate the salinity induced affects in chilli plants. With the application of different levels of foliar proline, all growth attributes increased but maximum increase was recorded at 0.8 mM proline level. Then foliar spray of the best proline dose 0.8 mM was applied to both genotypes under salt stress of 5 dS m-1. There was significant increase in compatible solutes (proline and glycinebetaine), enzymatic activity, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance by proline application under salt stress. There was significant decrease in toxic ions (Na+ and Cl-) and increase in K+ concentration while maximum decrease in Na+ and Cl- contents was observed in salt tolerant genotype Plahi relative to the salt sensitive genotype A-120. Hence, this study implies that proline application is a useful tool to combat salinity stress in chilli genotypes