Factors Affecting Hospital Service Innovation: Literature Review

Innovation at the hospital as a change in the delivery of patient-focused health services by encouraging healthcare professionals to work smarter, faster and better. Service innovation can provide an effective way to create a sustainable competitive advantage for hospitals. This study aims to analyze and examine the factors that influence service innovation in hospitals using the literature review method. The results were obtained from a literature search that discusses the major factors that influence service innovation, namely in the form of a good management system within the scope of the hospital. This big influence is that human resources, starting from the leaders and employees who work in the hospital, must work together for the advancement and empowerment of the hospital.

Exploring New Dimensions in National Education Policies of Pakistan

Around the world, education is recognized the major input to ethical, civilizing and socio-economic growth of any society. Primary Education provides a base for the education system of any country. Almost every government in Pakistan has been consistently advocating and supporting Primary Education which is reflected in all Educational Policies. Since independence, in 1947, numerous researches have been carried on diverse faces of Educational Policies. The aim of the study was: (1) evaluating the current Educational strategies with special reference to Primary Education, (2) to explore the causes of failure of National Education Policies in achieving the targeted goals, (3) to suggest National Cohesion and Resilience with regard to all dogmas and religions, and to identify their educational and racial range, (4)assesing the present status of Primary Education, regarding implementation of national Education Policies, and (5) to suggest some measures regarding the improvement of Primary Education. All the Education Policies of Pakistan 1947 – 2009, with all of their dimensions were considered as domain of the between study. It was concluded that the aim of early Education, in Education Policies were not completely obtained. The method of their execution remained weak. Lacking dimensions of National Education Policies are: lack of economic condition, lack of socio-culture, lack of teacher training and inability of educational supervisors and administrators, lack of accountability, weak and defective mechanism, lack of evaluation and political interference in educational matters, non consciousness on strategy and its significance. At the end, some suggestions have been given for improvement of Primary Education in the future National Educational Policies of Pakistan.