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Home > Racism and Islamophobia: A Critique of Selected American Literary Texts

Racism and Islamophobia: A Critique of Selected American Literary Texts

Thesis Info

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Author

Riaz, Humaira

Program

PhD

Institute

Fatima Jinnah Women University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

English Language & Literature

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11772/1/Humaira%20Riaz%20English%202019%20fjwu%20rwp%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676724963152

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Articulated more in the context of religion than science, racism is regarded by social scientists as an ideology disguised in various forms under global circumstances. Understanding of racism share common characteristics with the contemporary concept of Islamophobia. Deconstructing selected literary works of Lorrain Adams, John Updike and Don Delillo within Fredrickson’s notion of racism ‘as scavenger ideology’, the present study unveils racism incorporated in Islamophobia in fiction. The purpose of this study is mainly to explore Islamophobia as a manifestation of racism in the selected American literary texts to understand American perspective of Islam and Muslims. Denouncement of lslam and Muslims appear important means to reproduce and rationalize racism as an expression of extended anti-Islam prejudice in modern fabrication in these texts. The study uses Derrida’s conviction in the eternal quality of literary texts outliving their authors to become part of a set of cultural habits equivalent to, if not surpassing, the importance of authorial intentions. The ideology remains living and shapes the general belief of the masses. Rather than tracing the origin of racism and Islamophobia, the study encompasses literature review related to the changing forms of racism during late 20th century to early 21st century and its contemporary evolution into Islamophobia. The study is significant in unravelling the concealed anti-Islam agenda practiced through language. Its genuine contribution to the existing knowledge is to establish relationship of racism and Islamophobia contextualized within 9/11 attacks previously unexamined in the body of selected literary fiction. The study concludes by necessitating interfaith community interaction that may help in decreasing religious conflicts. The study also proposes a thorough discursive understanding of Islam as a code of life because most of the Western and American assumptions generated from ignorance.
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پروفیسردُنٹ

پروفیسر دُنٹ

            ماہ گزشتہ کا ایک اہم علمی حادثہ جرمنی کے نامور پروفیسر دُنٹ کی وفات ہے، پروفیسر موصوف فن نفسیات (سائیکولوجی) میں اس وقت استاذ الاساتذہ کا مرتبہ رکھتے تھے، ان کے زمانہ سے پیشتر نفسیات کو عام فلسفہ کی ایک شاخ سمجھا جاتا تھا، دنٹ ہی نے سب سے پہلے یہ بتایا کہ نفسیات بذات خود ایک مستقل فن ہے، جس کے نتائج کی بنیاد قیاس و استدلال پر نہیں بلکہ تجربات و اخبارت پر ہے، چنانچہ سب سے اول انہیں نے نفسیات کے لیے معمل (تجربہ گاہ) قائم کیا، جس میں مادی علوم کے معلموں کی طرح سارا کام تجربات کی مدد سے انجام پانے لگا اور ایک جدید فن نفسیات طبیعی (سائیکو فزکس) کی بنا ڈالی، اس کے علاوہ فلسفہ و اخلاق، منطق وغیرہ پر بھی ان کی گراں پایہ و ضخیم تصانیف ہیں، ابتداً وہ وجود روح کے منکر اور مادیت کے پیرو تھے، لیکن رفتہ رفتہ روح کے قائل اور بالآخر سخت مذہبی آدمی ہوگئے تھے، وفات کے بعد ان کی عمر ۸۸ سال سے متجاوز تھی۔ (سید سليمان ندوی،اکتوبر ۱۹۲۰ء)

 

مقاصد شریعت اور حقوق کی ادائیگی کا باہمی ربط: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Allah guided His men through great Prophets and messengers who, through their active economic, religious and politico-economic lives, taught the people how to lead a life. As the people have to come across all these fields of life, therefore, performing rights and duties is essential for a peaceful society. The accomplishment of Sharia objectives depends on the performance of rights and duties. If there is some breach in these rights and duties, the Sharia objectives are lost. If we ponder over the decrees of Allah, it becomes clear that the accomplishment of the decrees itself is the permanence of rights and duties. In this research paper, the rights of the Creator on His men and the rights of men on their Creator, Similarly, the rights of men among themselves and their performance, and the rights of animals and how they can be performed have been described and these Sharia objectives rights are closely related to each other.

Effects of Selenium and Chromium Nanoparticles Supplementation of Growth, Carcass Composition and Nutrient Digestibility of Major Carps Finerlings Fed Sunflower Meal Based Diet

This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of Se and Cr nanoparticles supplemented sunflower meal based diet on growth performance, carcass composition and nutrient digestibility of Indian Major Carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) fingerlings. Nano Se and Cr were added in sunflower meal based diet having graded levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/kg). Chromic oxide was added as indigestible marker at the rate of 1% to estimate the nutrient digestibility. 15 fingerlings were stocked in V-shaped tanks and fed at the rate of 5% of their live wet weight. Feces from each tank were collected twice a day to estimate the nutrient digestibility. Effects of each treatment on the weight gain%, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass composition, hematology, minerals absorption and nutrient digestibility were calculated by standard methods and formulae. Maximum growth performance (208% WG, 1.4 FCR, 1.25 SGR and 100% survival), nutrient digestibility (CP 76%, EE 79% and GE 75%), carcass composition (protein 63 and fat 15), hematology (RBCs 3.16 ×106mm-3, WBCs 8.06 ×103mm-3 and Hb 9 g/100ml) and mineral absorption (Ca 73%, Na 75%, K 74%, Cu 68%, P 76%, Zn 62% and Al 62%) was noted in C. catla fingerlings fed at 1.5 mg/kg supplementation levels of Se-nano particles and 2 mg/kg supplementation levels of Crnano particles, respectively. While in case of L. rohita and C. mrigala fingerlings almost all above said factors were best at 1 mg/kg supplementation levels of Se-nano particles and 1.5 mg/kg supplementation levels of Cr-nano particles, respectively. Water quality parameters in each tank were monitored on daily basis throughout the experiment (90 days).