پروفیسر دُنٹ
ماہ گزشتہ کا ایک اہم علمی حادثہ جرمنی کے نامور پروفیسر دُنٹ کی وفات ہے، پروفیسر موصوف فن نفسیات (سائیکولوجی) میں اس وقت استاذ الاساتذہ کا مرتبہ رکھتے تھے، ان کے زمانہ سے پیشتر نفسیات کو عام فلسفہ کی ایک شاخ سمجھا جاتا تھا، دنٹ ہی نے سب سے پہلے یہ بتایا کہ نفسیات بذات خود ایک مستقل فن ہے، جس کے نتائج کی بنیاد قیاس و استدلال پر نہیں بلکہ تجربات و اخبارت پر ہے، چنانچہ سب سے اول انہیں نے نفسیات کے لیے معمل (تجربہ گاہ) قائم کیا، جس میں مادی علوم کے معلموں کی طرح سارا کام تجربات کی مدد سے انجام پانے لگا اور ایک جدید فن نفسیات طبیعی (سائیکو فزکس) کی بنا ڈالی، اس کے علاوہ فلسفہ و اخلاق، منطق وغیرہ پر بھی ان کی گراں پایہ و ضخیم تصانیف ہیں، ابتداً وہ وجود روح کے منکر اور مادیت کے پیرو تھے، لیکن رفتہ رفتہ روح کے قائل اور بالآخر سخت مذہبی آدمی ہوگئے تھے، وفات کے بعد ان کی عمر ۸۸ سال سے متجاوز تھی۔ (سید سليمان ندوی،اکتوبر ۱۹۲۰ء)
Allah guided His men through great Prophets and messengers who, through their active economic, religious and politico-economic lives, taught the people how to lead a life. As the people have to come across all these fields of life, therefore, performing rights and duties is essential for a peaceful society. The accomplishment of Sharia objectives depends on the performance of rights and duties. If there is some breach in these rights and duties, the Sharia objectives are lost. If we ponder over the decrees of Allah, it becomes clear that the accomplishment of the decrees itself is the permanence of rights and duties. In this research paper, the rights of the Creator on His men and the rights of men on their Creator, Similarly, the rights of men among themselves and their performance, and the rights of animals and how they can be performed have been described and these Sharia objectives rights are closely related to each other.
This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of Se and Cr nanoparticles supplemented sunflower meal based diet on growth performance, carcass composition and nutrient digestibility of Indian Major Carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) fingerlings. Nano Se and Cr were added in sunflower meal based diet having graded levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/kg). Chromic oxide was added as indigestible marker at the rate of 1% to estimate the nutrient digestibility. 15 fingerlings were stocked in V-shaped tanks and fed at the rate of 5% of their live wet weight. Feces from each tank were collected twice a day to estimate the nutrient digestibility. Effects of each treatment on the weight gain%, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass composition, hematology, minerals absorption and nutrient digestibility were calculated by standard methods and formulae. Maximum growth performance (208% WG, 1.4 FCR, 1.25 SGR and 100% survival), nutrient digestibility (CP 76%, EE 79% and GE 75%), carcass composition (protein 63 and fat 15), hematology (RBCs 3.16 ×106mm-3, WBCs 8.06 ×103mm-3 and Hb 9 g/100ml) and mineral absorption (Ca 73%, Na 75%, K 74%, Cu 68%, P 76%, Zn 62% and Al 62%) was noted in C. catla fingerlings fed at 1.5 mg/kg supplementation levels of Se-nano particles and 2 mg/kg supplementation levels of Crnano particles, respectively. While in case of L. rohita and C. mrigala fingerlings almost all above said factors were best at 1 mg/kg supplementation levels of Se-nano particles and 1.5 mg/kg supplementation levels of Cr-nano particles, respectively. Water quality parameters in each tank were monitored on daily basis throughout the experiment (90 days).