بسم اللہ الرحمٰن الرحیم
عصر حاضر میں قدرتی وسائل کا استحصال سنگین مسئلہ کی نوعیت اختیار کرچکا ہے۔ اقوام متحدہ کے پائیدار ترقی (Sustainable Development)کے 17 اہداف میں قدرتی وسائل کا تحفظ بھی شامل ہے۔ لیکن جدید انسان نے پائید ار ترقی(Sustainable Development) کے اصول و اہداف کو یکسر نظرانداز کردیا ہے۔اگر دیکھا جائے تو سرمایہ ومنافع کو کسی بھی جائز و ناجائز طریقے سے کمانے ، پیداوار کو تیزرفتاری سے بڑھانے کی شدید آرزو اور ذاتی خواہشات کو سماجی ودینی مفاد پر اور جلدی حاصل ہونے والے مادی فائدے کو دیرپا ترقی (Sustainable Development) پر ترجیح دینا سرمایہ دار کا شیوہ بن کر رہ گیا ہے۔ جس کی بنا پر فضا، پانی، معدنیات، حیوانات، نباتات اور زمین کی طبعی، کیمیائی اور حیاتیاتی خصوصیات میں غیر مناسب تبدیلیاں پیدا ہو تی جار ہی ہیں ۔ جس کے نتیجے میں گلوبل وارمنگ،موسمیاتی تبدیلی اور ماحولیاتی آلودگی کا مسئلہ پیداہوگیا ہے۔الغرض گلوبلائزیشن(Globalization) کے موجودہ دور میں آسائش و ترقی کی آڑ میں موجودہ انسان نے اپنے ہی ہاتھوں سے حیاتِ انسانی کو تباہی کے دہانے پر پہنچا دیا ہے۔
اللہ تعالیٰ نے انسان کو زمین کا خلیفہ بنایا اور انسان پر ذمہ داری عائد ہوتی ہے کہ زمین کا تحفظ کرے اور اس میں پائے جانے والے وسائل کا دانشمندانہ استعمال کرے تاکہ ساری انسانیت اور آئندہ نسل اس سے مستفید ہو سکے۔لیکن جدید سرمایہ دارانہ فکر کے حامل انسان نےاپنے ذاتی مفادات کی خاطر اپنے اختیارات سے تجاوز کیا اور ماحولیاتی توازن بگاڑ دیا ۔ بقول شاعر
اوزون کی چادر ہوئی چھلنی ،سو وہ میں ہوں
صنعت کی ترقی کا ہے باعث یہ حرارت
اوزون کی چادر ہوئی چھلنی ،سو وہ میں ہوں
نائب خدا کا ہوں ،مری مرضی میں جو کروں!
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This paper aims at highlighting the perspective of Islam regarding prisoners’ dealing. In the light of Quranic verses and examples from the life of Muhammad (PBUH), the last messenger of Allah and his companions, it has been shown that some 14 centuries back, although there were no formal settings to captivate the inmates, yet the prisoners in individual custody or incarcerated somewhere else such as Mosques, had full rights in terms of inborn dignity, humane treatments, fair justice, practicing religion etc. They were fully protected from the torture at the hands of occupying powers or individuals. Therefore, majority of them embraced Islam within custody and become firm believers before they were released. It is therefore, recommended that any prisoners’ reform strategy in the modern Era to be successful must take into consideration the glorious principles of Islam derived from Quran, authentic Hadith and the live examples of Muhammad (PBUH) and his companion.
The biggest dilemma of modern age is Terrorism. While on one side, terrorism has extinguished countless lives, left physical scars and psychologically hampered masses; on the other side it has also displaced millions of people. Vast literature on the effects of terrorism on mental health of people is available across cultures, but there are very few studies that have highlighted psychological impact of terrorism on internally displaced women. The present study is an endeavor to focus on the mental health of one of this neglected segment of society, in Pakistan. Studies on mental health of people affected by Terrorism worldwide, revealed high levels of post traumatic stress disorder as one of the major negative outcome of the trauma. However there are some recent studies that have highlighted some positive changes too that an individual may experience as a result of struggling with the trauma, called post traumatic growth (PTG). The present study investigated both the post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as the development of post traumatic growth( PTG) among internally displaced women (N=130) from Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) who were living in the IDP camps. Furthermore, the researcher also examined the differences in PTSD scores of the respondents vis-à-vis their marital status, differences and severity of trauma resulting from loss of a family member or close relative/s. This study also explored the unique relationship of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with post traumatic growth (PTG) and locus of control (LOC) among the sample. In addition to this, general mental health of the sample was also assessed along with its relationship with PTSD. Age range of the sample was16- 60 years (Mean age = 39.94, S.D = 13.95). Results indicated that majority of the sample had at least some symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder and slightly less than half of the sample (40.8%) met the diagnostic criteria of PTSD. Findings revealed a significant difference between married and unmarried women on PTSD scale, with married women obtaining significantly higher scores on PTSD scale as compared to unmarried respondents. Besides, bivariate correlation revealed that age was also strongly correlated with PTSD. Therefore, further analysis (ANCOVA) was conducted, controlling for women’s age. Our findings revealed that marital status was no longer significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Further, though loss of family member/s did not reveal a significant difference in the scores of PTSD among the sample, yet it was observed that women who lost family member in terrorism scored relatively higher on PTSD scale. PTSD was negatively associated with PTGI in the preliminary analysis (r =-.14) but post hoc analysis when conducted, by regressing post traumatic growth (PTG) onto post traumatic stress symptoms ( PTSD), revealed a significant quadratic effect. Hence the study demonstrated a significant curvilinear relationship between PTSD and PTG. Respondents with fewer PTSD symptoms reported lower levels of growth, whereas respondents having moderate levels of PTSD symptoms exhibited higher levels of growth. Surprisingly when PTSD symptoms became severe, the growth levels dropped down. In this study the relationship of PTSD and locus of control (LOC) could not be verified as all the respondents rated themselves extremely high on God locus of health control scale (GLHC). In fact there was no variability in the scores on GLHC scale among the sample. Findings also revealed a strong positive correlation between General mental Health symptoms (GHQ) and PTSD. The present research on one side, provides a detailed analysis of PTSD and the factors that contribute toward PTSD among internally displaced women from remote areas of Pakistan, whereas on the other side it has also revealed positive outcomes following trauma: Post traumatic growth and its relationship with post traumatic stress disorder in a unique combination of terrorism and internal displacement.