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Home > United States of Americas War on Terrorism: its Impact on Youth Ad Education Sector in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan

United States of Americas War on Terrorism: its Impact on Youth Ad Education Sector in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Maqsood, Sultan

Program

PhD

Institute

Quaid-I-Azam University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

American Studies

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10933/1/Sultan%20Maqsood_American%20Studies_2019_QAU_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725157980

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The United States of America’s War on Terror (WOT) and its implications is a most debated agenda item in Pakistan. A mixed method study has been therefore conducted to fulfil four purposes; to ascertain the extent of WOT’s impact on the wellbeing of the tribal youth in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA); to assess the impact of WOT on education in FATA; to determine the sentiments of tribal youth for United States of America; and to identify the influence of education on the change of tribal youth’s sentiments for United States of America. The impact of WOT on the wellbeing of the youth has been ascertained through conduct of qualitative study on one thousand and forty two students of FATA, who experienced WOT and were separately enrolled (five hundred and twenty one students each) with educational institutions, as well as deeni madaris in FATA and with universities in Islamabad by using phenomenography approach. Same approach has been used to record tribal youth’s sentiments for United States of America. Whereas the case study research approach has been used to ascertain the impact of WOT on education. The tribal youth’s experiences related to WOT were recorded through conduct of interviews by using Childhood War Trauma Questionnaire (CWTQ) and Child Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (CPSS). The study not only concluded the tribal youth’s sufferings from war traumas to include its displacement; separation from parents; loss of close relations; witnessing of torturing, intimidations, injuring and / or killings; exposure to the armed combat; facing harassment and manhandling; sustaining of physical injuries; active or passive involvement in the hostilities; and extreme depravation but also observed both presence of a high level of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and existence of functional impairment among majority of the tribal youth. The tribal youth’s hostile sentiments for the United States of America being the proprietor of WOT were also identified as a general phenomenon among entire youth belonging FATA; however, the FATA students studying in universities of Islamabad did express some pro-American sentiments which may be attributed to their exposure to better educational opportunities. The study also concluded significant impact of WOT on education in FATA and the glaring incidents included; destruction of educational institutions by militants; dysfunctionality of educational institutions; decrease in educational institutions, students and teachers; high dropouts and uncontrolled repetitions of classes by the students; over-crowdedness; disturbed students to institution, classroom and teacher ratios; deterioration in literacy levels; high levels of teachers absenteeism; reliance for formal education on deeni madaris; and above all large youth being out of school. The study also makes valuable recommendations for improving wellbeing of the tribal youth, as well as education sector in FATA and suggests guidelines for the future studies.
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مولاناسید منت اﷲ رحمانی

مولانا سید منت اﷲ رحمانی مرحوم
دارالمصنفین میں یہ خبر نہایت غم و ندوہ کے ساتھ سنی گئی کہ امارت شرعیہ بہار و اڑیسہ کے امیر، مسلم پرسنل لا بورڈ کے جنرل سکریٹری، مسلم مجلس مشاورت کے بانی ممبر، دارالعلوم دیوبند و ندوہ کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے رکن اور خانقاہ رحمانی کے سجادہ نشین مولانا سید منت اﷲ رحمانی کا انتقال ۳ رمضان المبارک ۱۹؍ مارچ کی شب میں ہوگیا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
ان کا مرثیہ صرف ایک عالم کا نہیں بلکہ ایک عالم کا ماتم ہے، ہندوستانی مسلمانوں کے لیے ان جیسی ستودہ و صفات ہستیاں اس دور قحط الرجال میں نعمت سے کم نہیں اور اس نعمت کے چھن جانے سے حرمان و نقصان کی کیفیت اور شدید ہوجاتی ہے۔
انھوں نے ایسے ماحول میں آنکھیں کھولیں جو علم و معرفت اور شریعت و طریقت کی دولت سے مالا مال تھا ان کے والد ماجد مولانا سید محمد علی مونگیریؒ، شاہ فضل رحمن گنج مراد آبادیؒ سے تعلق، رد عیسائیت، تحریک ندوۃ العلماء اور ردقادیانیت میں اپنے کارناموں کے سبب نمونہ سلف اور طبقہ علماء و مشائخ میں ممتاز حیثیت رکھتے تھے، ان کی اقامت کانپور میں تھی لیکن ہدایت و ارشاد کے لیے وہ مونگیر اور اس کے اطراف میں برابر تشریف لے جایا کرتے تھے، جب وہاں قادیانیت کا فتنہ زیادہ سنگین ہوا تو اس کا مکمل قلع قمع کرنے کے لیے ۱۳۲۰؁ھ میں انھوں نے مستقل طور پر مونگیر میں اقامت اختیار کی، مولانا منت اﷲ رحمانی ۱۳۳۲؁ھ میں پیدا ہوئے، اپنے بھائیوں میں وہ سب سے چھوٹے تھے، مولانا مونگیریؒ کے انتقال کے وقت ان کی عمر تقریباً دس برس تھی، ان سے بیعت تو حاصل ہوئی لیکن استفادہ کا زیادہ موقع نہ ملا، انھوں نے بعد میں دیوبند اور ندوہ میں بھی تعلیم حاصل کی، ندوہ میں وہ...

Spirituality and Psychological Well-Being Among Muslims and Christians Adolescents and Young Adults

The present study examining the relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being among Muslims and Christians adolescents and young adults. Daily Spiritual Experience Scale and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were used to examine the study variables. The present study was carried out on the sample of (N = 254) i.e. Muslims (n = 123) and Christians (n = 131). The sub sample of Muslims and Christians were further divided into males (n = 48) and females (n = 75). Similarly Christian males (n = 60) and Christian females (n = 71). The instruments used to measure the variables possessed satisfactory reliability i.e. Spirituality (α =.80) for Muslims and (α =.92) for Christians and psychological well-being (α =.82) for Muslims and (α =.84) for Christians. Results of the study revealed that spirituality not only had significant positive correlation with psychological well-being but also found to be significant positive predictor of psychological well-being among Muslims as well as Christians. Additional findings of the study further revealed that significant differences exist in the terms of gender and age. Limitations, suggestion and implications were also discussed at the end of the study.

Alleviation of Salt-Induced Adverse Effects by Exogenously Applied 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L.

Keeping in view the substantial role of a newly discovered plant growth regulator, aminolevulinic acid (ALA), in salinity tolerance, an initial experiment was carried-out to optimize ALA dose at which sunflower plants showed maximum response in terms of different gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll pigments and growth under saline conditions. After fifteen days of seed germination, two sunflower cultivars (ORI-42B and ORI-48B), were subjected to 0 (control) or 150 mM NaCl. Ten varying levels of ALA (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 100 mg L -1 ) were applied as a foliar spray to 32-day old plants. Of all ALA levels, 20, 50 and 80 mg L -1 were relatively more effective in improving photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll a and b, a/b ratio, photosynthetic rate (A), water-use efficiency (WUE), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) in both cultivars of sunflower under non-saline and saline conditions. Overall, ALA-induced growth improvement in salt stressed sunflower plants was positively correlated with A and chlorophyll pigments. The three levels (20, 50 and 80 mg L -1 ) of ALA found relatively more effective in the first experiment were used in the yield experiment to appraise the role of ALA in detail on growth, yield, seed oil contents and a variety of physio-biochemical attributes in two sunflower cultivars (Hysun-33 and S-278). The ALA treatments were applied as a foliar-spray after 21-day of salt (NaCl) treatments. Salt stress caused a significant suppression in gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll contents, essential nutrients in addition to growth, yield, oil percentage and α-tocopherols of seed oils, while enhanced tissue Na + and Cl - , proline, GB, relative membrane permeability (RMP), H 2 O 2 , MDA and activities of CAT, POD and SOD in both sunflower cultivars. Of both sunflower cultivars, cv. S-278 was higher in growth, proline, SOD activity, while, cv. Hysun-33 in α-tocopherols under saline regimes. Foliar-applied different levels of ALA were effective in improving root fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll a, seed-oil α-tocopherols, water relation attributes, K + /Na + ratio and SOD activity and decreased seed oil contents under control and saline regimes. Overall, ALA was found to be effective in causing root fresh and dry weights improvement in sunflower plants which was found to be due to increased chlorophyll a, leaf K + /Na + ratio, seed-oil α-tocopherols, leaf SOD activity, and decreased leaf H 2 O 2 and RMP.