ذخیرہ اندوزی سے متعلق ہندومت، یہودیت اور اسلام کے احکام کا جائزہ

Hoarding is considered (Ihtikar) very abhorring and objectionable. It is the practice of keeping something in store and not bringing the same to the market so that prices may rise owing to this artificial dearth of supply in the market. Each religion of the world has agriculture rules. In these, rules about Hoarding play an important role. In non Semitic religions Hinduism is the largest religion of the world. Similarly in Semitic religions Islam is the second and Judaism is considered in third stage. All these three religions and there followers have good relation with agriculture. But among this, Islamic rules considers one of the best rules in the world. Because Hinduism agriculture rules affected by cast system and the other side Judaism rules is affected by customs and traditions. But still there are some points on which Hinduism, Judaism and Islam are completely supporting each others. Hoarding rules is one of them. This paper is consisting on hoarding rules in Hinduism, Judaism and Islam.

Triple Gem Detector Electronics & Control System for Cms Forward Muon Upgrade

The European laboratory for nuclear research, (CERN) is the world''s largest par- ticle physics laboratory, having complex particle accelerators and detectors. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the two general purpose detectors in- stalled at Large Hadron Collider (LHC). After the discovery of Higgs Boson at the LHC in 2012, upgrade intended towards high luminosity in order tond the new particle which is believed to greatly extend the potential to study the properties of the Higgs Boson. High Luminosity LHC (HL LHC) conditions will severely a ect the performance of the CMS muon system and other detectors, especially in the very forward region where the magneticeld is low and the particle rate is high. Research and development topics/projects proposed by the CMS GEM Collabora- tion aimed to design, develop and test GE1/1 detectors, on-odetector electronic hardware architectures and detector control system (DCS), most suited to muon end-caps upgrade. Therefore, these three topics/projects were explored during this research and development work. First project included assembly and testing of the small and large GE1/1 detec- tors. The CMS high eta region requirements for muon detector were demanding in terms of particle rates and integrated charges. Research work reported in literature indicated that the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) has relatively better capability to handle the huge particle rates. Originally it consisted of a thin composite sheet with two copper layers separated by a thin insulator and perforated by a regular matrix of holes. After extensive research and experimentation it was found out that the gain of existing GEM detector can be improved with the integration of three GEM foils in a single detector later named as Triple GEM. After several tests with small (10 X 10 cm2) and large sizes (9 X (22 - 44.5) cm2) GEM detector''s e ciency of 98% and 9 ns time resolution were achieved. For bulk production of GEM detectors, procedures and quality control steps were de ned, including gain uniformity, time resolution, spatial resolution and detector e ciency. This particular research and development work led to an on-odetector electronic hard- ware architectures development with the performance expected by the CMS GEM readout system that included timing resolution and e ciency. Sharing of data between DAQ and Detector Control System (DCS) is carried out using the Cross DAQ (xDAQ) software. The third project was aimed to develop new DCS for GE1/1 detectors. The cor- rect and safe operation of the GEM system required a sophisticated and powerful online DCS system. The GEM DCS is to monitor the detector conditions and per- formance, control and monitor all subsystems related to GEM and their electronics and store all the information in a dedicated database, called Conditional database. Therefore, the GEM DCS system has to assure the safe and correct operation of the sub-detectors during all CMS life time (more than 10 year), detect abnormal and harmful conditions and take corrective measures and automatic actions to minimize consequential damages. After an extensive research and development work a new DCS system was developed, connected with GEM detector and tested in the GEM assembly and quality assurance labs. The results obtained were saved in the conditional database for future analysis. Major challenges were to integrate di erent parts with each other and to put them in general CMS control system and linking the whole assembly to data acquisition framework. Finally, the entire research and development work led to the successful completion of design, development and testing of Triple GEM Detector''s Electronics and its Control System for CMS forward muon upgrade.