93. Al-Du'ha/The Forenoon
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
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a. By the forenoon,
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a. and the night when it grows dark and still!
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a. O The Prophet!
b. Your Rabb - The Lord has neither abandoned you, nor has HE become displeased with you.
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a. And what is to come for you is going to be far better than what you experienced during the earlier part of your life.
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a. And your Rabb - The Lord is sure to give you so much of what you seek that you will be well pleased.
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a. Did HE not find you an orphan then took care of you?
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a. And HE found you unaware of the Right Way, and HE guided you to it.
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a. And HE found you in need, and HE enriched you?
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a. So do not be harsh with the orphan.
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a. And as for the beggar, do not repulse him.
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a. And proclaim - again and again - the blessings of your Rabb - The Lord.
Pakistan is a country where the expansion of the industrial sector is necessary, and in this process, the relative significance of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector cannot be overstated. SMEs comprise approximately 90% of total businesses in Pakistan; nearly 80% of the workforce other than the agriculture sector is employed by the SMEs; and approximately 40% of GDP is contributed by the SMEs.1 Though, the growth of SMEs is constrained by financial and other resources that is not faced by Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) sector. From the facts and figures presented in this paper, it can be concluded that SMEs perform a dynamic role in the growth of all the related sectors of the economy. This study empirically analyzes the effect of innovation and activities of SMEs on economic growth of Pakistan over the span of 19732017. The study concludes that the activities of SMEs do influence the economic development of Pakistan.
This thesis develops and demonstrates the research complemented by theory and applications carried out in ensuring stability of actuator constrained linear control systems. The work focuses the posteriori approach in the design of controller dealing with saturation effect. Anti-windup compensator is therefore explicitly synthesized for ensuring stability of constrained state delay systems and constrained cascade control systems. Having gone through a detailed study of contemporary research literature, it has been devised that constrained state delay systems and constrained cascade control systems are the areas need to be addressed significantly using anti-windup compensator technique. Therefore the first prong of research focused stability of constrained state delay systems using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. Anti-windup compensation is incorporated in Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) based formulations in varied conditions of state delay systems. First, the research taps the stability of constrained multiple state delays system. This work broadly envisages mixed delay-dependent / delay-independent multiple state delays, delay-independent multiple state delays, delay-dependent multiple state delays, delay-independent single state delay and delay-dependent single state delay linear control systems. Second, the research devises a novel approach of dealing with saturation problem using two-controller anti-windup design for enlarging domain of stability of constrained state delay systems. This approach is yet not found in the literature surveyed. Third, the research addresses an improved asymptotic and exponential stability of constrained state delay systems by removing the inherent system steady state delay with higher delay bounds. Lastly, the research concerns stability issue in constrained uncertain state delay systems. In the second prong of research a modified full order and static low order anti-windup compensators are successfully designed for decoupled architecture based actuator constrained cascade control systems. Besides, the same compensator is designed for rate limiter incorporated actuator constrained control systems. The design parameters are based on LMIs and solved using optimization techniques. To validate the design, detailed experimental results are also generated while successfully applying on temperature and motor speed control process variables. It is said that the thesis is a heuristic compendium of inferring the core significance of anti-windup compensators in overcoming the wind-up effect in PID based process control. Keywords - Anti-Windup Compensator, Time-Delay Systems, Linear Matrix Inequalities, Domain of Stability, Pole-Constraints, Cascade Control, Norm-Bounded Uncertainty, Multi-loop Compensation, Amplitude-Rate Limiter, Motor Speed Control, Cascade-loop Compensation, Block Diagonal Quadratic Lyapunov, Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functional and System Identification.