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Home > Bio-Intensive Integrated Management of Jassid, Amrasca Biguttula Biguttula Ishida on Bt-Cotton in Punjab, Pakistan

Bio-Intensive Integrated Management of Jassid, Amrasca Biguttula Biguttula Ishida on Bt-Cotton in Punjab, Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Javed Akhtar Bhatti

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7622/1/Javed%20Akhtar%20%20Bha..%20Full%20Final%20Thesis%20pdf.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725620159

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The studies were conducted on bio-intensive management of Jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) on various genotypes of Bt-cotton. Experiments were conducted in farmer’s field and laboratories of the Agricultural Entomology Department, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad from 2009 to 2011. The objectives of these studies were to control the pest by bio-intensive management methods and find an effective, safe and economical method/s for recommendation to the farmers. A Field experiment was carried to determine resistance or susceptibility of twenty genotypes of Bt-cotton against Jassid (nymph + adult) based on per seedling and per leaf population density count during 2009 and 2010 under field conditions. Laboratory experiments were carried out to study Physico-morphological and chemical plant characteristics with the objective to determine their effects on the population of Jassid. The results revealed that during preliminary field trials, the genotype Auriga-213 showed maximum Jassid populations, whereas the genotype IR-824 had zero population per seedling. Auriga-101 and MNH-886 possessed maximum Jassid populations per leaf (susceptible) whereas MG-06 showed minimum (comparatively resistant). During a final screening trial, the genotypes Auriga-101 and MNH-886 proved to be susceptible, AA-703 and MG-06 appeared as comparatively resistant, while BT-121 and CA-12 were intermediate based on both per seedlings and per leaf population density counts of Jassids. The maximum population of Jassid (nymph + adult) per leaf was recorded on August 01, 2009 and August 16, 2010. There was only one peak in both the study years. The HPSIs (Host Plant Susceptibility Indices) on an average basis during both years showed that Auriga-101 and MNH-886 were susceptible, whereas AA-703 and MG-06 showed minimum HPSI and proved comparatively resistant, based per seedling and per population density counts of Jassid per leaf. The results revealed that minimum temperature during 2009 exerted a positive and significant (P < 0.01) correlation with the Jassid population with a r-value of 0.667 while during 2010 maximum temperature had negative and significant correlation (P < 0.01) with the pest density on per leaf basis with a r-value of 0.558. Relative humidity and rainfall during 2010 and on cumulative basis of both the study years 2009 and 2010 resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) and positive correlation with the pest population. Multiple regression models reveal that minimum temperature during 2009 and 2010 and on cumulative basis of both the study years resulted in maximum impact, while maximum temperature during 2010 also exerted a reasonable contribution to the pest population. The results revealed that hair density on the plant’s midrib, vein and lamina had a negative and significant correlation, length of hair on midrib and vein had a non significant correlation while thickness of leaf lamina had a positive and significant correlation with the Jassid population per leaf. Gossypol glands on midrib and vein showed positive and significant correlation, while on lamina they had a negative and significant effect. Total minerals exerted positive and significant effect, whereas reduced sugar, calcium and manganese showed negative and significant correlation with Jassid density. Multiple linear regression models revealed that hair density on midrib and total minerals in the leaves were the most important characters. The minimum Jassid population was recorded to be 0.35 per leaf with maximum mortality of pest i.e. 88.59 % where all control methods were integrated together. The maximum population was recorded to be 2.22/leaf in those plots where Coccinella septumpunctata was released. The application of Spinosad 240 SC applied 18 singly and integrated with other control methods resulted in higher pest mortality. The results pertaining to seed cotton yield in kg/plot showed a significant difference among various control treatments. The maximum yield was recorded in those plots where all the control methods were integrated whereas yield was minimum where C. carnea was released. The maximum cost benefit ratio was calculated where Spinosad 240 SC was sprayed. The integration of all the control methods resulted in low CBR (Cost Benefit Ratio) due to increase in expenditure.
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سید غلا م محی الدین

سید غلام محی الدین
دوسرا حادثہ جناب سید غلام محی الدین کی وفات کا ہے، جو بڑے خاموش، متین، متواضع اور ذی علم شخص تھے۔ مولانا آزاد میموریل اکیڈمی لکھنؤ کے روح رواں اور اس کے انگریزی جرنل کے ایڈیٹر تھے، وہ مجلس تحقیقات و نشریات اسلام لکھنؤ کے بھی نہایت سرگرم رکن اور انگریزی کے اچھے اہل قلم تھے، مولانا سیدابوالحسن علی ندوی مدظلہ سے بڑا مخلصانہ تعلق رکھتے تھے، ان کے دینی و دعوتی کاموں میں ان کے معادن بھی تھے، ان کی متعدد کتابوں اور مضامین کا انگریزی ترجمہ کیا، مولانا ان کی خاموش خدمت اور علمی صلاحیت کے معترف تھے، عرصہ سے تنفس کا مرض لاحق ہوگیا تھا۔ بالاخر ۹؍ نومبر کو وقت موعود آگیا، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے درجات بلند فرمائے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، دسمبر ۱۹۹۶ء)

 

عناية أئمة النقد الحديثي بفقه الحديث

It is generally perceived in contemporary intellectual movements that canonical Traditionalists did not take had฀th text into consideration as their scholarly efforts were limited to the evaluation of had฀th chains. Aforementioned notion - in my opinion - originates from shallow study of methodology adopted by canonical had฀th critics، as a deeper look into their scholarly works reveals that sciences of had฀th includes the authentication and disparagement of traditions as well as comprehension and deduction from had฀th content. The sole objective of early Traditionalists from transmission، collection of had฀th، its evaluation، authentication and disparagement was to safeguard the true meaning of Sunnah and to transmit it in its pure form to the successors. In fact the peculiarity of their work is that they exert all efforts in order to deal with had฀th as a single undivided whole، where examination of content was not irrelevant to the evaluation of chain، their conscientious efforts recorded in major works of had฀th show how they evaluated content of had฀th to determine that it was not contradictory to Shari‘ah، or with another sound tradition، as there was a possibility that a certain reliable reporter made mistake or speculated in transmitting the meaning of had฀th. Therefore we witness them disparaging a certain transmitter for his negligence and errors whereas his had฀th is forsaken، moreover they would not consider him a Traditionalists or muhaddith฀n if excessive speculations were found in his report. This research paper aims at investigating the aforementioned hypothesis.

Study of the Heavy Metals Accumulation in Fishes Fauna Cirrhinus Reba, Channa Marulius and Rita Rita in River Sutlej Near Minchanabad Town District Bahawalnagar

In different organs of the fish a few heavy metals were measured in some fishes Cirrhiunus reba, Channa marulius and Rita rita captured at Minchanabad Town in River Sutlej. The water and sediment samples were collected and analysed for metal concentration. With the help of pure Nitric acid all the samples were digested and only for gills perchloric acid (4:1) was used at 100 and reading was taken through spectrophotometer. The blood samples were collected from live fish through cardiac puncture and caudal vein. To check the effects of heavy metals, the haematological parameters were also used. The damage of DNA was evaluated through micronucleus test of blood erythrocytes. Similarly physiochemical parameters of water were also tested to check the level of nitrates, dissolved gases and pH results revealed that temperature recorded was 14.18 ? 2.09 ?C during winter and 24.15 ? 6.04?C in summer season. The average pH value was 8.01 ? 0.29 and 7.59 ? 0.49 during winter and summer seasons respectively. Total hardness was 115.20?10.43 mg/L in winter and 33.34?26.45 mg/L during summer. Dissolved Oxygen was 7.52 ? 1.04 and 7.15 ? 0.90 during winter and summer season. Mean concentration of heavy metals were significantly higher in winter season. Accumulation of Ni in sediments of centre of river was 32.4?0.65 ?g/g and 35.49?0.64 ?g/g along bank of the river. Level of Fe was 1847?2.65 ?g/g in main stream while 1818.3?2.52 ?g/g near bank. The Cd concentration was 0.0023?0.001 ?g g-1 in centre and 0.0018?0.001 ?g/g along banks. Copper were 54.37?0.82 ?g/g in main stream sediments and 35.18?1.75 ?g/g in sediments of banks. Chromium was 47.27?0.86 ?g/g in centreand37.1?1.06 ?g/g near bank in winter season. Lead was accumulated significantly higher in sediments with concentration of 93.11?0.16 in centre and 75.06?0.09 ?g/g along banks of river. A total of three fish species (Cirrhinus reba,Channa marulius and Rita rita) were also evaluated for bioaccumulation level of heavy metal concentrations Mean concentrations and standard deviations were applied for results for samples of during winter and summer season which were different statistically in all test organs and also in fish species.