نصیر اﷲ خان بابر
چیئر مین بھٹو شہید تو حمود الرحمن کمیشن رپورٹ چھاپنا چاہتے تھے جس کے مطابق پاکستان توڑنے میں فوجی جرنیلوں کا ہاتھ تھا تو ایک میٹنگ میں جنرل ٹکا خان نے کہاکہ جناب لوگ ہم سے پہلے ہی ناراض ہیں اگر آپ حمود الرحمن کمیشن رپورٹ چھاپیں گے تو لوگ ہمارے کپڑے پھاڑ دیں گے ۔حالانکہ یہ اپنی پتلونیں تو مشرقی پاکستان میں چھوڑ آئے تھے ۔
ایک بہادر جرنیل نصیر اﷲخان بابر
ہمیں بھی یاد کر لینا
ہمارا خون بھی شامل ہے تزئین گلستان میں
ہمیں بھی یاد کر لینا چمن میں جب بہار آئے
تاریخ گواہ ہے کہ فوجی ڈکٹیٹر جنرل ضیاء الحق کے مارشل لاء کے خلاف جدو جہد میں پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی کے کارکنوں نے پاکستان کی جیلیں کبھی خالی نہ رہنے دیں ۔کبھی خود سوزیاں اور پھانسیاں ننگی پیٹھوں پر کوڑے طویل المعیاد سزائیں اور ہزاروں سیاسی قیدیوں کی رہائی کے بدلے محترمہ بے نظیر بھٹو شہید کو 1988ء میں لولی لنگڑی حکومت قبول کر نا پڑی اسے بھی 18ماہ بعد چلتا کر دیا گیا ۔
آ جائو
آ جائو سن لی میں نے تیرے ڈھول کی ترنگ
آ جائو کہ مست ہو گئی میرے لہو کی تال
آ جائو میںنے چھیل دی آنکھوں سے غم کی چھال
آ جائو میں نے درد سے بازو چھڑا لیا
آ جائو میں نے نوچ دیا بے کسی کا جال
فیض احمد فیض ؔ
بھول بھی کیسے سکتے ہیں
وہ تمام دن وہ تمام غم...
Background and Objective: Aging is influenced by culture, individual experiences, and socio-demographic characteristics along with societal expectations. Cognitive functioning and activity level in geriatric population may alter their participation in daily life activities thus this study aims to explore the required physical and social activities for cognitive alertness among Pakistani Geriatric population.
Methodology: An observation based study of 169 aging individuals who performed on MoCA for cognitive functioning and interviewed on IPAQ for duration of physical activity in everyday life.
Results: It is an observational study, conducted among the geriatric population of different areas of Pakistan. A total number of 169 individuals participated out of which 59 % were males and 40 % were females with a majority of the population 74% falling between 65-75 years of age. It was found that 59% of the male and only 19% of the female had 22 score on MoCA for cognitive functioning and these individuals were practicing physical activities such as brisk walk for 3 days a week for more than 40 minutes and are involve at least once a week in social activities.
Conclusion: The research finding concluded that physical activities and social gathering both has impact on cognitive function of geriatric population to participate actively in daily activities.
Remote sensing technology and it’s applications are rapidly advancing. The algorithms and techniques for processing of remotely sensed images has thus become increasingly important and is an area of active research. Recently, a lot of research has been conducted in the domain of classification techniques of remotely sensed imagery. Classification techniques extract useful features from the remotely sensed data and then categorize it into different categories. This thesis proposes classification techniques for different applications in remotely sensed imagery. The first technique is a novel method for pixel classification. The proposed method exploits the spatial information of image pixels using morphological profiles produced by structuring elements of different sizes and shapes. Morphological profiles produced by multiple structuring elements are combined into a single feature by decimal coding. The advantage of proposed feature is that it can effectively utilize the potential of multiple morphological profiles without increasing the complexity of feature space. The second technique deals with the classification of image patches. The work is presented in the context of image retrieval framework of multispectral image patches. The proposed retrieval method is based on the combination of sparse coding and global image features. The third technique is for segmentation and change classification of built-up area in high resolution imagery using logistic regression. The research was conducted on multi spectral multi temporal images covering the 2010 floods in Pakistan. Segmentation was performed to extract the built up area from the satellite images and then change detection was performed to find the damaged built up area. The damaged area was classified into three categories basing on the extent of damage. The results of change classification were compared and found consistent with the manual assessment report produced by experts of United Nations using Worldview 1 satellite imagery with sub meter resolution. The fourth and the last technique is for regularized classification of changes using elastic net and high dimensional change feature vector comprising spectral, textural and structural changes. The proposed schemes were tested with simulated as well as real life multispectral and hyperspectral remotely sensed datasets. The multispectral dataset comprised of high resolution images with ground resolution of 2.5 meter. The performance was validated using authentic and publicly available ground truth data using standard performance measures. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons have been drawn with state of the art classification schemes and significant improvement is reported.