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Home > Calibration and Evaluation of Oilcrop-Sun Model for Nitrogen Application, Plant Densities and Deficit Irrigation in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L. under Changing Climate Scenarios: 2025 and 2050

Calibration and Evaluation of Oilcrop-Sun Model for Nitrogen Application, Plant Densities and Deficit Irrigation in Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L. under Changing Climate Scenarios: 2025 and 2050

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Muhammad Awais

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6987/1/Muhammad_Awais_Agronomy_UAF_2015.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725660584

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The OILCROP-SUN model was used to simulate the phenology, growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at different N rates, planting densities and deficit irrigation. The model was run with the data recorded from experiments conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, during spring season of 21012 and 2013. The treatments comprised of three nitrogen levels: 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1 and four irrigation levels (Control, irrigation at 45, 60 and 75 mm potential soil moisture deficit) in first trial. In the second experiment, the treatments were three plant densities (83333, 66666 and 55555 plants ha-1) and three nitrogen levels (90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having a net plot size of 3.6 m × 5 m. Both irrigation treatments (full irrigation and irrigation at 45 mm potential soil moisture deficit) were good for hybrid Hysun-33 depending upon water availability. However water can be saved by irrigation application based on PSMD as compared to control. Achene yield in response of various treatments was mainly associated with phenology, growth, light interception and photosynthetic rate of sunflower. Sowing of Hysun-33 in 60 cm apart rows keeping a plant to plant distance of 20 cm with 150 kg N ha-1 gave maximum achene yield. Higher leaf area duration (LAD) and light interception at this treatment finally led to maximum achene yield. The OILCROP-SUN model simulated phenology, growth, achene yield and oil contents with reasonably accuracy during model calibration, evaluation and validation. So this model is suitable to use as a research tool in our agro-environmental conditions. The climate change analysis indicated the negative effects of climate change on sunflower production. The OILCROP-SUN model predicted a decrease in crop duration, leaf area index, total dry matter and achene yield at increased temperatures (1 oC in 2025 and 2 oC in 2050) as compared to the present. Although increased CO2 concentration showed a positive effect on sunflower but it did not compensate the negative effects of increased temperature.
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Physio-Molecular Evaluation of Selected Exotic Wheat Lines under Drought and Heat Stress

Genome-wide association mapping shows promise for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) for many traits including drought and heat stress tolerance. During first cropping season, seven International Maize and Wheat Improvement center (CIMMYT) bread wheat nurseries were screened under rain fed conditions and based on high 1000 kernel weight and parentage diversity 108 high yielding lines were selected further evaluation. Wheat performance was checked at two growth stages i.e. seedling and post anthesis, at seedling stage stress was imposed by using two different potentials (-3bar and -6 bar) of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and heat stress 36Cº for 3hrs daily. At post anthesis, three stress treatments including individual drought, individual heat and combination of drought and heat stress were imposed in glass house and open field conditions. The data was recorded for seedling, yield traits, physio-biochemical traits and stress related traits for two consecutive cropping seasons (2014-2015 and 2015-2016) at the National Agriculture Research Center (NARC) Islamabad. The germplasm was genotyped with high-density Illumina 15k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip to identify genomic regions associated with traits under drought, heat and combined stress. Total 9464 highly polymorphic markers were used for calculation linkage disequilibrium, population structure and marker trait associations. Structure analysis divided germplasm into 5 major clusters and highest rate of linkage disequilibrium was recorded for D genome due to its recent origin. Mixed linear model (MLM) with kinship matrix as covariant is used to calculated maker trait associations best linear unbiased estimates (BLUEs) values. For seedling traits significance threshold was log10(P)>3.0 while for pot and field experiment significant threshold was set by xxii using standard (1/n, n= no of markers) method and significance of an association was further checked by using FDR < 0.05 threshold. For seedling trait 1191 association significant beyond threshold were recorded most of these were concentrated on chromosome 7D. For traits studied in post and field experiment 300 and 105 significant associations (beyond p value threshold) were recorded while 128 associations in the pot experiment crossed FDR significance threshold and 35 MTAs were significant at FDR under field condition. Fifty-four and nineteen pleiotropic region associated with multiple traits were recorded under pot and field experiment respectively. Significant MTAs detected in the present study were similar as reported by the previous studies while some differ with respect to their chromosomal position. The MTAs detected in combination of drought and heat stress can be helpful in marker assisted selection to improve drought and heat tolerance of wheat.