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Home > Crossbreed Pilot Plant Membrane Separation of Surfactants from Wastewater Using Fused Magnetite Carbon Nanocomposite As an Adsorbent

Crossbreed Pilot Plant Membrane Separation of Surfactants from Wastewater Using Fused Magnetite Carbon Nanocomposite As an Adsorbent

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Muhammad Ali

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Malakand

City

Malakand

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2020

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12055/1/Muhammad%20Ali%20chemistry%202020%20uom%20malakand%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725801893

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Fused magnetite carbon nanocomposite (MCNC) have been prepared from peanut and almond shells by co-precipitation method. The characterization of the prepared materials were carried out via different techniques such as BET/BJH surface area, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and point zero charge (PZC). The SEM, XRD and FTIR results indicated the existence of iron oxide as adsorbate materials on the surface of MCNC. The BET surface area of peanut and almond MCNC are 112.45 and 74.99 m2g-1 respectively and BJH pore size distribution are 66.80 and 61.08 m2g-1 respectively, whereas, the total pore volume and pore diameter of both MCN are 0.068 and 0.073 cm3g-1 and 14.95 and 15.55 Ao respectively. The FTIR spectra of MCNC shows the surface functional groups such as carboxylic acid, phenols and ether groups.The bands at the 580 cm-1 for FeO. The pHpzc of peanut and almond MCNC were found to be 7.8 and 7.7 respectively.The removal of surfactants such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), cetyldimethylethyl ammonium bromide (CDEAB), Triton-x 100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from wastewater were investigation by using fused magnetite carbon nanocomposite (MCNC) adsorbent. During equilibration process of adsorption, the equilibrium was established with one hour for all surfactants. From the adsorption kinetics of surfactants it was concluded that the process of adsorption was initially fast up to 10 minutes and then slow down. The kinetic parameters were recorded initially for both 1st, 2nd order pseudo kinetics, power function, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models. Pseudo 2nd order kinetics and Intraparticle diffusion models were found best fits to the adsorption kinetics data. Moreover the contact time, pH effect, ionic strength, adsorbent quantity, initial concentration and temperature on MCNC adsorption were performed. Interestingly after the adsorption process methanol, sodium hydroxide and distillated water use to regenerate the MCNC. Different thermodynamic parameters like rate constant (K), ∆?°, ∆?° and ∆?° were determined using the Van’t Hoff equation. Adsorption isotherm study for CTAB, CDEAB, Triton-x 100 and SDS on MCNC were also investigated. Different linear model were used for knowing the adsorption phenomenon such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Jovanovich. Freundlich and jovanovich equation was found best fitted to the adsorption data. Modified enhanced permeate flux (J) as well as percent retention of surfactants were investigated through crossbreed pilot plant membrane process i.e. MCNC/UF (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/ultrafiltration), MCNC/NF (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/nanofiltration) and MCNC/RO (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/ reverse osmosis). The 100 percent removal of surfactants was achieved through MCNC/RO (magnetite carbon nanocomposite/reverse osmosis) membrane.
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اسقاط حمل كے شرعى احكام عصری تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Human beings are the masterpieces of the Creator of the universe and He enjoined them to preserve human life. One form of the preservation of life is the utmost care for the rights of even an embryo. The study of the rights of the embryo laid down in the primary scriptures of Islam suggests that the embryo is accorded respect like living people. The rights of children start well before their birth. At present, cases ofabortion are reported daily. Muslim jurists have dwelled on ordinances about abortion for the benefit of people. At present,  medical science has revealed all the stages of childbirth from conception to delivery. The effects of abortion, both positive and negative, are not hard to grasp in the light of modern scientific research Not to talk of living people, Islam guarantees the life of the early developmental stage of a baby within the uterus of the mother. This extraordinary care for a child during its embryonic period demonstrates that Islam attaches high priority to human life even before its start on the face of the Earth. Should one abort without a legitimate cause, the legal experts from the main schools of Islamic jurisprudence hold that the perpetrator will pay a fine and make compensation. If, on the other hand, a fetus is removed from the womb to end a pregnancy as it may harm a woman physically, it is allowable;  only a healthy mother may give birth to healthy babies. In a like manner, when a couple feels unable to train and educate somany kids, they may have an operation to end a pregnancy by removing an embryo. However, while resorting to abortion,  parents must not lose sight of the do’s and don’ts of abortion jurists have laid down and not just fall victim to the catchy slogan of “family planning”.

Synthesis and Applications of Reactive Triazine Based Uv Protectors for Textile

Human body is very delicate towards harsh environmental variations. High energy UV radiations intentionally or unintentionally interact with our skin and eyes, causing some acute effect such as, photokeratitis, skin aging and also some chronic effects like melanoma skin cancer and DNA damage. Clothing is an important precautionary measure to combat with these damages, but low weight and high porosity of cotton fabric make it unfit for protection against UV rays. Hence, to improve the protection factor of white cotton fabric, computational approach was utilized to search the effective UV absorbers for cotton fabric. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) theory with three functionals was utilized to study the design molecules and results indicated that all the five design molecules (1-5) absorbed inthe UV region of the solar spectrum. These deigned molecules were synthesized via a condensation reaction and their structure confirmation attained through UV/Vis., FTIR and ESI-MS analysis. The theoretically calculated λmax and experimental λmax of all the five UV absorbers were in close agreement. The cottonfabric was treated with designed and synthesized UV absorbers via the exhaust method of dying and its processing conditions optimized by adapting a statistical design “central composite rotatable design” of response surface methodology. The outcomes directed that all the synthesized molecules showed 65-78 % exhaustion and 62-80 % fixation at the acquired optimized conditions. Maximum exhaustion with cotton fabric was presented by 1 and minimum shown by 5. The protection factor of the treated cotton fabric was assessed and results directed that the treated fabric with 1-4 fells in the very good Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) range at 3 % concentration while fabric treated with 5 fells in good range. The UPF increased as follows: 5 <4 < 2<3<1. Whiteness index test results revealed that all the synthesized molecules did not decrease the whiteness of the fabric as much at 3 % concentration, but after exposition to light fastness testing decreased its whiteness little bit as compared to standard. Washing test results indicated that UPF of treated fabric decreased after washing process, with UV absorbers (1-4), it remained in the very good range of UPF after ten washings. While the 5 showed more reduction in UPF value after washing. Degradation studies revealed that synthesized molecules were degradable by safer advance oxidation process technology. Current study opened a new prospect for search of such molecules having more persistent nature after laundry action.