HUBUNGAN ANTARA EFIKASI DIRI DAN PERAN GURU DENGAN BELAJAR BERDASAR REGULASI DIRI PADA AKSELERAN

This research is a quantitative approach with the aim at knowing: (1). The relationship between self-efficacy and the role of the teacher by learning based on self-regulation. (2). The contribution given by self-efficacy and the role of teachers in self-regulation based learning. (3). Levels of self-efficacy and the role of teachers in learning based on self-regulation. The subject of this study was acceleration in one of the Public High Schools in Surakarta as many as 115 people. This study is a principled study on population studies. Based on the results and analysis using multiple regression it is known that the correlation coefficient R = 0.375 (p = 0.000: p <0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy and the role of teachers with self-regulation. The total contribution given by the two independent variables in this study amounted to 14.1%, and for both categorizations the independent variables namely self-efficacy and the role of the teacher were at a high level, and the dependent variable of learning based on self-regulation was at a very high level. Key word: Self-Regulated Learning, Self-Efficacy, The Role of Teachers

A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Train of Four Ratio ≥0. 9 to Clinical Assessment of Return of Neuromuscular Function Before Endotracheal Extubation on Critical Respiratory Events in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Background: There is increasing evidence that the incidence of postoperative residual paresis after using neuromuscular blockers ranges from 24 to 50% in post anaesthesia care unit and is associated with postoperative complications such as critical respiratory events as evidenced by hypoxia, hypoventilation and upper airway obstruction. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring (such as the assessment of Train of four (TOF) ratio) and reversal of neuromuscular blockers has been shown to reduce postoperative residual paresis. There are very few outcome studies on effect of residual paresis in Post anaesthesia care unit (PACU). There are no published randomised control trials investigating whether using a TOF ratio ≥0.9 before endotracheal extubation compared to clinical assessment of return of neuromuscular function reduces the incidence of critical respiratory events in PACU. Primary Objective: To determine whether using TOF ratio ≥0.9 compared to clinical assessment of return of neuromuscular function before endotracheal extubation reduces the incidence of critical respiratory events in PACU Secondary objectives: To determine incidence and severity of hypoxia in PACU. To determine incidence of upper airway obstruction in PACU Study Design: Randomised, prospective, double blinded control trial Setting: Operating theatres of the Aga Khan University hospital Nairobi Population: Adults, aged 18-65 years ASA physical status I and II undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Sample size: 168 patients randomised to TOF ratio group and clinical assessment group, 84 per group. Methods: Patients requiring general anaesthesia for elective surgery with cisatracurium as the muscle relaxant were randomised into 2 groups using computer generated numbers. Group 1 were patients who required a TOF ratio of ≥0.9 before extubation. Group 2 patients were extubated based on clinical assessment of return of adequate neuromuscular function by the anaesthetist as is the standard of practice at the Aga Khan University hospital Nairobi. General anaesthesia was standardised in both groups. Both the investigators and patients were blinded during the study. Once the patient was transferred to PACU, oxygen saturation (SP02), respiratory rate and any signs of upper airway obstruction as demonstrated by stridor, laryngospasms or requirement of any airway manipulation was recorded for the first 30 minutes. Duration of anaesthesia and surgery was also recorded. Patient demographics were recorded and analysed. vii Results: There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups in terms of patient demographics, duration of surgery and anaesthesia and duration since last muscle relaxant was given. In terms of hypoxia on arrival in PACU, the incidence of