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Development of Coinage Metal Chalcogenides Thin Films by Chemical Vapour Deposition Approach

Thesis Info

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Author

Zahra Ali

Program

PhD

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12360/1/Zahra%20ali%20chemistry%202019%20aiou%20isb%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725871721

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The work described here involves a detail AACVD study to observe and investigate overall morphological changes in copper, silver and nickel sulphide depositions from respective dithiocarbamate complexes on zinc oxide, bismuth and silver functionalized thin films at three different temperatures i.e. 300, 350, 400 оC. A variation in film thickness and color from black, brown, yellow and shiny dark grey was observed in copper, silver, nickel sulphide on all coated thin films. SEM images clearly indicated variations in morphology and different phases by XRD were observed with different UV analyzed nanoparticle coatings on substrate surface. In addition to above study, another scheme involving detailed investigation on effect of ligand substitution on metal sulphide depositions by synthesis and characterization of a set of N,N-disubstituted-N’-acylthiourea was done. Benzoyl and cinnamoyl chloride, and two secondary amines, diphenyl- and diisopropylamine were selectively used to derive L1, L2, L3, L4 ligands of completely characterized nickel complexes, Ni(L3)2 was found to have the lowest decomposition temperature and its thorough study revealed the most rapid mass loss occurring at 223 °C. L3 was selected for the synthesis and study of several other ML2 and ML3 complexes (M = Ni, Zn, Cd, Fe, Co, and Cu.) depending upon this detail study. The related complexes Ni(L3)2, Cu(L3)2, Co(L3)3, and Zn(L3)2 were all synthesized and found to crystalize in the cis-square planar, trans-square planar, fac-octahedral, and distorted tetrahedral geometries respectively. From AACVD, Ni(L3)2, Co(L3)3, and Zn(L3)2 at temperatures of 350 °C were found to deposit their corresponding metal sulfide but attempted depositions from tetrahydrofuran solution of Cu(L3)2 were not very successful due its low solubility. The viability of N,N-disubstituted-N’-acylthiourea ligands as sulfur sources in the AACVD of metal sulfides was demonstrated in these experiments.
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حضرت امام ِ اعظم(امام ابو حنیفہ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ)

حضرت امامِ اعظم رحمۃ اللہ علیہ
(امام ابوحنیفہ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ)
عمر ہا در کعبہ و بت خانہ می نالد حیات
تا زبزم عشق یک دانائے راز آید بروں
کائنات کا نظام قانونِ قدرت کے مطابق چل رہا ہے، حیات و ممات کے اپنے مراحل ہیں شمس و قمر کے اپنے اپنے مدار ہیں ، باغِ حیات میں گلہائے رنگا رنگ کا وجود اپنی زیست کا ثبوت مہیّا کرتا ہے۔ گگن کی وسعتوں میںظلماتِ شب کو اجالا بخشنے والے کواکب رنگینیاں بکھیر رہے ہیں ، بادِنسیم کے مسحور کن جھو نکے عروقِ مردہ میں حیات بخش قطروں کی ترسیل کا سبب بن رہے ہیں۔ فلک بوس پہاڑ ، شاہینوں کی پرواز ، مجاہدوں کی للکار، صوفی کی تسبیح ، کسان کی جُہدِمسلسل، مومن کی شبِ بیداری، خطیب کا خطبہ ، واعظ کا وعظ ، منصف کا فیصلہ یہ سب اس بات کی دلیل ہیں کہ کوئی تو ہے جس نے یہ سارا نظام سنبھال رکھا ہے، اور وہ ایک خدا ہے۔
؎ جو دن کو رات اور رات کو دن بنا رہا ہے وہی خدا ہے
مختلف اوقات میں مختلف لوگ خدا تعالیٰ کے وجود کاا نکار کرتے رہے اور اللہ تعالیٰ اُن کا منہ توڑ جواب دینے کے لئے نابغۂ روزگار ہستیاں پیدافرماتا رہا، ان نفوسِ قدسیہ میں ایک عظیم نام نعمان بن ثابت بن مرزبان (امام ابوحنیفہ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ) کا ہے۔
آپ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ کا نام نعمان ، ابوحنیفہ کنیت ، امام اعظم بالاتفاق لقب ہے آپ رحمۃاللہ علیہ کی کنیت ابوحنیفہ آپ کی اولاد کی وجہ سے نہیں بلکہ کنیت وصفی ہے یعنی ابا الملۃ الحنیفہ اور بوجہ آیت مبارکہ’’ واتبعو ملۃ ابراہیم حنیف‘‘ ابراہیم حنیف کی ملت کی اتباع کرو۔ آپ رحمۃ اللہ علیہ نے اپنی کنیت ابوحنیفہ اختیار فرمائی اور اللہ تعالیٰ نے اسے شرفِ قبولیت بخشا جو...

مولانا شاہ حکیم محمد اختر: حیات و خدمات

Molana Shah Hakeem Mohammad Akhter was born in 1923 in Partabgarh UP India. He received Medical Education from Unani Medical College Ellah Abad and Islamic Education under a great saint Shah Abdul Ghani Phoolpuri in Madrasa Bait ul Aloom. He was a born Sofi, an eminent Islamic scholar, a great philanthropist, an established writer and a great reformer. He wrote more than 200 books. He also established an Islamic University, Asharaf ul Madaris. Thousands of scholars are his pupils, followers and disciples. He imparted them both Aloom-e-Shareyat and Tareeqat. In 2001 he founded an Islamic NGO naming “Al-Akhtar trust International” for helping the suffering humanity. During these days society was ridden with un-Islamic trends and practices Shah Hakeem Mohammad Akhter emerged to rooted out these evils from the society. It will not be wrong to say that Shah Hakeem Mohammad Akhter like his spiritu-al mentor (Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi) was the real inherent of Ulama-e-deoband. The aim of this article is to present over view of biography and invalua-ble services which he rendered for tasawwuf and noble cause of humanity.

Sacrifice Ratio and Inflation Forecasting: A Case Study of Pakistan

It is a debatable issue that high and variable inflation causes the welfare loss while on the other hand reducing inflation generally has some cost and the amount of that cost is measured by the sacrifice ratio. Therefore inflation output trade - off is important for central banks when formulating policy. Sacrifice ratio is the main indicator to measure the real cost of disinflation, calculated as the ratio of the cumulative percentage output loss (the difference between actual and potential output) to the size of disinflation. Thus, the sacrifice ratio measures the real output cost per unit of permanent decrease in inflation. Sacrifice ratio is basically divided into two main categories: time invariant sacrifice ratio and episode specific sacrifice ratio. In time invariant sacrifice ratio we took Philips Curve, structural VAR and the New Philips Curve and in episode specific ratio we took Ball method of sacrifice ratio and Zhang method of sacrifice ratio .This study covers all these methods in detail and the main objective of this study is to calculate the sacrifice ratio at aggregate level as well at disaggregated level. We disaggregate data into three sectors namely the agriculture sector, the manufacturing sector and the services sector. At aggregate level we found a positive sacrifice ratio in almost all the methods but the magnitude of the sacrifice ratio is not large .At disaggregated level the results validate that different sectors have different nature and the sectors which are less sensitive to monetary policy have less sacrifice ratio and vice versa. Inflation forecasting is the important input in formulating Monterey policy to maintain the price stability and fighting against the inflation evils. Keeping the importance of forecasting, the other objective of this study is to forecast inflation using real time data and end of sample data