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Effect of Allelopathic Plants on Morphoanatomical Features of Wheat

Thesis Info

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Author

Khan, Muhammad Azhar

Program

PhD

Institute

Hazara University

City

Mansehra

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Botany

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13033/1/Muhammad%20Azhar%20Khan%20PhD%20Botany%20Final%20thesis.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725949446

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of allelopathic plant on growth and morpho-anatomical features of wheat. Three experiments were conducted in order to study the allelopathic effects of root, stem, leaf and fruit of Dodonea viscosa, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Fumaria indica, Juglans regia, Melia azedarach, Olea ferruginea,Sapindus mukorossi, Tamarix indica and Taraxacum officinale on growth and morpho-anatomical features of Wheat variety Pirsabaq 2005 during 2013-2016 at experimental field and laboratory, Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra. The present investigation showed that all the applied allelopathic plants parts have adverse effect on germination, morphological and anatomical parameters of wheat. Results of germination revealed that leaf aqueous extracts > Fruits> Root > Shoot. The degree of sensitivity of wheat in respect of growth to applied applications was Melia azedarach > Sapindus mukorossi > Taraxacum officinale > Juglans regia > Fumaria indica > Eucalyptus camaldulensis > Olea ferruginea > Tamarix indica > Dodonea viscosa. Root, stem, leaf of Olea ferruginea increased the diameter of xylem, phloem, and mesophyll tissue of root, stem and leaf of wheat which directly effect the physio-morphology of wheat. Fumaria indica has stimulatory effect on radical and plumule length, it also increases morpho-agronomic characters and anatomical character of wheat. Fruit of Melia azedarach is least effect of on germination and morpho–agronomic and anatomical character of wheat. The fruit of Sapindus mukorossi is highly harmful for germination, morphology, agronomy,and anatomical features of wheat and partially block the xylem and phloem as result it retard germination, morphology,agronomy of wheat. Dodonea viscosa is less toxic as compare to Tamarix indica and Juglan regia and Eucalyptus camadulensis for wheat growth and anatomical parameters. It is concluded that stem of Eucalyptus camaldulensis is highly toxic for all the morpho-agronomic characters of wheat i-e length of internode,length of spike, grain yield. Soil analysis shows that all allelopathic plants decrease the nitrogen in soil while phosphorus is deficient in Tamarix indica leaf and Melia azedarch treatments. Similarly potassium value increase in all treatments as compare to control. Maximum electric conductivity was observed in Eucalyptus camadulesis stem. pH values do not show significant difference in all treatments. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Melia azedarach, Sapindus mukorossi,Tamarix indica, Juglans regia decrease the germination, growth and yield of wheat. Olea ferruginea and Fumaria indica show stimulatory effect on germination and other morpho-anatomical features of wheat. This study would be helful to understand the nature of allelopathic plants either they have allopathic effect or allelopathic potentials for different crops. Some allelopathic plants would be benficial and harmful for the growth of different crops due to allelochemicals. Biofertilizers and bioherbicides can be prepared from the allopathic plants for crop improvement.
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رام بابو سکسینہ

رام بابو سکینہ
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ اردو زبان کے مشہور محسن اور نامور مصنف رام بابو سکسینہ بھی ہم سے جدا ہوگئے۔ ابھی گزشتہ ہی مہینہ ۹؍ دسمبر کو ان سے ہندوستانی اکیڈمی کے جلسہ میں ملاقات ہوئی تھی، کیا معلوم تھا کہ یہ آخری ملاقات ہے، ان کو اردو زبان کی خدمت سے عشق تھا اور اس کو انھوں نے زندگی کا مشغلہ بنالیا تھا اور اردو زبان و ادب کی تاریخ پر بڑی قابل قدر کتابیں لکھیں۔ ان میں تاریخ ادب اردو بہت مشہور اور اس موضوع پر پہلی جامع و محققانہ کتاب ہے، اب اردو کے مختلف پہلوؤں پر بہت سی کتابیں لکھی جاچکی ہیں، مگر اس کتاب کی اولیت اپنی جگہ پر قائم ہے، اردو کے یورپین شعراء کا ایک ضخیم اور محققانہ تذکرہ بھی عرصہ ہوا لکھا تھا، ابھی تھوڑے ہی دن ہوئے قدیم شعراء کا ایک مرقع اور میر کی مثنویاں بخط میر شائع کی تھیں، ان کے علاوہ ان کی اور تصانیف بھی ہیں، جو ابھی شائع نہیں ہوسکی ہیں، اردو کی ایسی خدمت کی مثالیں اس دور میں کم ملیں گی، ابھی ہندوستانی اکیڈمی کے جلسہ میں جہاں پورا ماحول اردو کا مخالف تھا۔ اس کی صریح حمایت میں تنہا ان ہی کی آواز بلند ہوئی تھی، ہندوستان کی موجودہ فضا کو دیکھتے ہوئے ہندوؤں میں آئندہ اردو کے ایسے شیدائی پیدا ہونے کی امید کم ہے۔
یادگار زمانہ تھے یہ لوگ
سن رکھو تم فسانہ تھے یہ لوگ
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی،جنوری ۱۹۵۸ء)

 

سائنس اور روحانیت کی تمثیل: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Spirituality is usually understood as a way of being that flows from a certain profound experience of reality, which is known as ‘mystical’, ‘religious’, or ‘spiritual’ experience. There are numerous descriptions of this experience in the literature of the world’s religions, which tend to agree that it is a direct, non-intellectual experience of reality with some fundamental characteristics that are independent of cultural and historical contexts. Spiritual and scientific quests are two complementary inquiries into reality. Any feeling of antagonism between them is a product of a narrow vision. Science deals with what is measurable; religion is the quest for discovering and understanding the immeasurable. A scientist is not intelligent if he denies the existence of the immeasurable. There is nothing that is anti-science but there is a lot that is beyond science. The two quests have to go hand in hand. We not only need to have an understanding of the laws that govern the phenomena occurring in the external world around us but also we need to discover order and harmony in our consciousness. Human understanding is incomplete unless it covers both aspects of reality: matter as well as consciousness. Indeed the division between the scientific and spiritual quests is itself the creation of the human mind. Reality is one undivided whole which includes both matter and consciousness. Our thoughts, being limited by our experience, divide the external world from the inner world of our consciousness, in much the same way as our mind divides time from space though they are both two aspects of a single continuum۔

Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. Response to Exogenous Selenium Supply under Drought Stress

Premise of the research-Selenium (Se) has become an element of interest to many biologists because of its physiological and toxicological importance. The identification of effective Se dose and application method is crucial for better understanding of Se role in crop plants under drought stress. The present study, therefore, was planned to evaluate the response of water-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to exogenous Se supply. The study was carried out at the Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan and Stress Physiology Laboratory, Salinity and Environmental Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad-Pakistan. Methodology-A series of laboratory, wire / greenhouse, lysimeter and field experiments were conducted for this study. In laboratory experiments, fifteen local wheat genotypes were screened out for their response to PEG-6000 induced water stress of -0.5 MPa at germination and seedling stage. Wire / greenhouse experiments were conducted using one drought tolerant (Kohistan-97) and one sensitive (Pasban-90) genotype, selected from laboratory experiments, to determine appropriate rates for three methods viz. seed priming (75 μM), fertigation (7.35 μM) and foliar spray (7.06 μM) of Se helpful in improving drought tolerance in wheat plants subjected to water stress at seedling stage. The optimum rates determined in screen house experiments of each method of Se application were tested for appropriate method and application time (vegetative or reproductive growth stage) in lysimeter and field experiments. Pivotal results-Drought stress significantly reduced growth, water relations, gas exchange and yield attributes of both wheat genotypes. However, exogenous Se supply was observed to be helpful in improving the drought tolerance potential and yield through maintenance of turgor, increased accumulation of osmolytes and enhancement in enzymatic activity of water- stressed wheat plants. The supplemental Se supply significantly improved Se and potassium (K) concentration in shoot and grain, whereas phosphorous (P), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and calcium (Ca) contents in shoot were reduced by Se supply. The grain Mg and Fe concentration increased while grain P concentration reduced by exogenous Se supply. Non-significant effect of Se supply was recorded on grain Zn concentration. Conclusion- The cultivation of drought tolerant wheat genotypes is essential to obtain economical crop yield under water stress conditions as wheat genotype Kohistan-97 (drought tolerant) was more successful in the maintenance of physiological, biochemical and yield attributes than Pasban-90 (drought sensitive). Selenium application through fertigation @ 7.35 μM and foliar spray @ 7.06 μM at tillering stage was found effective under both normal and water deficit conditions.