بدعنوانی کے خاتمے میں معاشرے کا کردار
کوئی چیز بھی اللہ تعالیٰ نے بے مقصد پیدانہیں فرمائی ، ہر چیز کی تخلیق میں کوئی نہ کوئی غرض و غایت ضرور کارفرما رہی ہے، لیکن انسان چونکہ ظلوما ًجہو لا کے مصداق تخلیق کردہ اشیاء میں کوئی نہ کوئی تبدیلی کا مرتکب ہوتا رہتا ہے اور اس چیزکی تخلیق کا جوعظیم مقصد ہے وہ پس پردہ چلا جا تا ہے۔ اور یوں کائنات کی رنگینیوں ، رعنائیوں اور دل آویزیوں کے آفتاب نصف النہار کو گرہن لگ جاتا ہے۔ کسی چیز کی اصل ہیئت کو تبدیل کرنے کا نام بدعنوانی ہے۔
مجاہد سرحدپر بجائے حفاظت کے جاسوسی کررہا ہے تو یہ بدعنوانی ہے۔ معلم مسند تدریس پرمتمکن ہو کر تشنگان علم کی پیاس بجھانے میں تساہل اور غفلت کا شکار ہے تو یہ تدریسی بدعنوانی ہے۔ مسیحاجب اپنے پیشے سے وفا نہیں کر رہا اور اس کے زیرعلاج مریض کے مرض میں اضافے کا سبب اس کی نا اہلی اور نا تجر بہ کاری ہے تو یہ گھناؤنا جرم اور کرپشن ہے۔ جس معاشرے میں ابتداء سے لے کر انتہاء تک بدعنوانی ہی بد عنوانی ہو اس معاشرے کی فضاء میں محو پرواز طائر خوش الحان بھی اپنی پرواز کوتا دیر قائم نہیں رکھ سکتا۔ ایسے معاشرے کی مسموم فضاء اس کے تنزل کا باعث بنتی ہے۔
ہم اگر بد عنوانی اور کرپشن کے خلاف قدم نہیں بڑھائیں گے تو اس کی جڑیں طول پکڑتی جائیں گی اور پھر اس ناسور پر نشتر چلانے کے لیے تا دیر ہوم ورک کرنا پڑے گا۔ اس مرغِ بسمل کی طرح تڑپاتے ہوئے زہر ہلا ہل کے لیے کسی تریاق کی اشد ضرورت ہے۔
آج ضرورت اس امر کی ہے کہ ہر شعبہ سے تعلق رکھنے والاشخص اس کومنطقی انجام تک پہنچانے کے لیے کمر بستہ ہوجائے ، صحافی اپنے اخبار...
Assessment and the learning process become two intertwined concepts that are impossible to separate. When compared to the other three abilities, reading skills are the most important in English learning. In order to meet the demands of modern teaching development, information and communication technology is required for English language instruction and assessment. The purpose of this study is to examine the requirements of both learners and pursuers in terms of the use of information and communication technology in reading instruction assessment (Reading Assessment). This current study used two data collection technique, namely questionnaires and interviews analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Respondents in this study were selected by purposive sampling involving 70 students and 5 teachers in vocational schools. The results of this study found that (1) The students’ goal and necessities differ, (2) The students are at beginner level at reading skill and have reading word and sentences fluently and correctly, (3) They want familiar contents based on their life, environment and major, (4) The need of information and communication technology both for learning and assessing and (5) Through the product, the English learners would be learning, collaborative and independent. The researcher advised for further researcher to conduct the development the information and communication technology for teaching and assessing English learners in vocational schools.
Alnus nitida is a medicinally important plant native to western Himalayas. In Pakistan it is distributed in northern areas and found abundantly in Abbottabad and Mansehra districts. Owing to the importance of the plant as a folk medicine, its wide distribution in the area and the fact that very little phytochemical work has been carried out so far on this plant, male flowers of Alnus nitida were selected for our present phytochemical investigation. In this study, we have investigated nine compounds (all new isolates of Alnus nitida) including a new one: close chain diarylheptanoid (2). They have been completely characterized by using optical rotation, ECD, UV, IR, MS, and NMR techniques. Structure of compounds 2 was validated through theoretical studies as well. The new compound 2 as well as known compounds were subjected to anticancer activity (in vitro) against cervical cancer. For this specific site cancer evaluation, HeLa cell lines and BHK-21 cell lines were used. Results showed that these compounds are potent anticancer agents. Some of them showed much higher activity compared to the reference drug, carboplatin. Computational studies have made tremendous achievements in the recent past. Conformational flexibility of dipeptides and correct assignment of isomeric compounds are challenging tasks. In the current work, we have tried to address these challenges. In the first study, the effects of intramolecular basis set superposition error and dispersion in the determination of correct lowest energy conformer of tyrosine glycine dipeptide molecule, by employing different levels of theory (B3LYP, B3LYP-D3, MP2, and M062x), are explained. The study identified the use of the best density functionals for conformationally flexible compounds especially those having aromatic moiety. In the second study, 1H-1H and 13C-1H coupling constants of possible stereoisomers of quinic acid were predicted to provide reliable assignment of chirality and positions of the hydroxy groups for quinic acids isolated from plants or the synthesized quinic acid derivatives. Analogous DFT techniques can be used to study systems similar to quinic acid such as octulosonic acids etc. In conclusion, nine isolated compounds (triterpenoid, flavonoids, open chain diarylheptanoids and close chain diarylheptanoids) with potent anticancer activity as well as conformational analysis of Tyr-Gly dipeptide and distinction of stereoisomers on the basis of coupling constants is a contribution in the field of natural product and computational chemistry.