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Financing and Managing Poverty Reduction in Rural Pakistan a Case of Dg Khan and Rajanpur Districts

Thesis Info

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Author

Iqbal, Nadeem

Program

PhD

Institute

Mohammad Ali Jinnah University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6753/1/PhD%20Final%20Thesis%20Nadeem.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726208528

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In an attempt to reduce poverty in Pakistan, financial resources are provided by microfinance institutions to poor and vulnerable people to engage in income generating activities on soft terms and conditions. Zakat institution and BISP provide free cash to needy and poor as living allowances. ZI, PBM and NGOs provide financing for human capital development through education and training to manage poverty reduction. These institutions facilitate the poor people directly to manage poverty reduction on sustainable basis. The research presented in this study, hence, aims to explore and evaluate the financial dimensions of managing poverty reduction in rural Pakistan through a micro level study to evaluate the outcome and effectiveness of poverty reduction programmes in Pakistan by focusing on the impact of such programmes in DG Khan and Rajanpur Districts. For this purpose, primary data is collected through a questionnaire survey to measure the perceptions of the households, in the form beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, on the outcome and efficiency of the poverty reduction programmes in DG Khan and Rajanpur. The data is analyzed through non-parametric (Mean U Whitney tests and Kruskal Wallis) and parametric inferential statistics techniques, such as logit model, to draw the result for research questions. The findings from the non-parametric test have shown that institution, employment, marital status, working female members, working male members, assets like land, livestock, business assets, savings and loan are significant and ranked at 1 for income related questions. Training, education, gender, age, child dependency and district variables are also significant and causing for poverty but ranking at second number. The results from Logit model show that beneficiaries and households are statistically significant and positively correlated with probability of being poor. It also concluded that education, institution, gender, age, employment, working male member, and working female member as variables are statistically significant and negatively correlated with probability of being poor. Additionally efficiency of institutions is tested. Zakat institution is found to be contributing towards working male member and change in income. Working male members are found to be statistically significant and negatively correlated with probability of being poor. However BISP is not contributing in determinant for managing the poverty reduction while PBM is contributing in working male member, which is significant and negatively correlated with probability of being poor. As regards MFI is concerned it is found that it is contributing in education and change in income, which are negatively correlated with probability of being poor. The study concludes that financial capital and human capital development are essential elements for financing and managing the poverty reduction in rural Pakistan. The success of which depends on the coordination of different poverty reduction programmes.
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ہمارا مقصدِ حیات

ہمارا مقصد ِحیات
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
وماخلقت الجن والانس الا لیعبدون
صدر ذی وقارمعزز اساتذہ کرام ومعزز سامعین حضرات!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پرلب کشائی کرنی ہے وہ ہے:’’ہمارا مقصد حیات‘‘
معزز سامعین!
اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہر چیز کوکسی نہ کسی مقصد کے لیے پیدا فرمایا ہے۔ کائنات کی کوئی چیز ایسی نہیں ہے جو بے مقصد پیدا کی گئی ہو۔ حضرت موسی ں نے بارگاہِ رب العزت میں عرض کی کہ یارب العالمین تو نے چھپکلی کوکس لیے پیدا فرمایا۔ اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ کی طرف سے جواب ملا کہ میرے کلیم تجھ سے پہلے چھپکلی بھی یہی سوال کر چکی ہے کہ توُ نے موسی ں کوکس مقصد کے لیے پیدا فرمایا ہے۔ عربی کا مقولہ ہے: فعل الحکیم لا یخل عن الحکمہ طکہ حکیم کا فعل حکمت سے خالی نہیں ہوتا ۔
یعنی علم کا کوئی فعل بھی حکمت سے خالی نہیں ہوتا۔ معلوم یہ ہوا کہ کائنات کے اندر کوئی ایسی چیز موجود نہیں ہے جو بے مقصد پیدا کی گئی ہو، اب اگر کوئی اس کو اس کے مقصد کے خلاف استعمال کرے گا تو اس کو انسان نہیں بلکہ حیوان کہیں گے۔ مثال کے طور پر ٹوپی سر پر رکھنے کے لیے، جوتا پاؤں میں پہننے کے لیے، گلاس پینے کے لیے، اگالدان تھوکنے کے لیے، جو کوئی ٹوپی کو پاؤں میں اور جوتے کو سر پر رکھے اور اگالدان کو پینے کے لیے اور گلاس کو تھوکنے کے لیے استعمال کرے وہ دیوانہ ہے عقل مندنہیں ،جو کوئی پتھر اور لکڑی کی بے جان مورتیوں کو اپنا کعبہ سمجھنے لگے اور انسان کو جو خالقِ حقیقی کی مخلوق ہے اپنا خدا سمجھنے لگے تو وہ کامیابی اور عزت و عظمت کا تاج بھلا کیسے سر پرسجا سکتا...

فتوی اور فتاوی الکاملیہ کا تعارف و اہمیت

From the very beginning Islam has given great importance to discipline. In every facet of life discipline has a role to play. Today when we delve deep in to our lives, we are amazed as to how it has always proved its worth. It has brought the tide of revolution in everyone's mind. Similarly, the element of discipline saves a society from disruption and instability. It infuses in life satisfaction and contentment. Contrarily, indiscipline and mismanagement give birth to dejection and dissatisfaction. Time management plays a vital role in the establishment of discipline in a society. Considering the vast importance of time management in the light of discipline, the following article throws a great deal of light on it in the Islamic perspective.

Mutational Analysis of Complete Coding Sequence of Toll Like Receptor-2 Gene in Dhani and Jersey Cattle Breeds of Pakistan

The current research work focus on disease resistance and susceptibility studies in livestock animals have been on determining patterns of key proteins in the innate immune response, such as toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) gene primary role in the recognition of pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) from bacterial ligands. To date, ten members of TLRs family have been identified in cattle. The objective of the present study was to detect polymorphisms in the genomic sequences of TLR-2 gene in two important cattle breeds Bhagnari and locally adapted exotic Freisian. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on complete coding sequences of TLR-2 gene to describe the relationship between the breeds. Mutations in coding sequences of TLR2 gene in Dhani and Jersey were studied. The complete coding sequence of TLR2 gene consists of 2355 base pair [bp] was determined. The amino acid [aa] sequence of the coding region corresponds to a protein of 784 amino acids long with predicted molecular weight 104 kDa and 6.97 pI value. The amino acid sequence analysis showed extracellular domain composed of leucine rich repeats (LRR), trans- membrane domain and Toll-IL receptor domain in the protein. Nucleotide sequences of TLR2 gene in Dhani cattle breed revealed a total of 35 polymorphisms. In the analysis 66% polymorphisms were synonymous caused no changes in protein and 34% were non-synonyms. Overall 20 polymorphisms were observed in Extracellular domain, five variants in trans-membrane, three polymorphisms in unknown region and seven mutations in TLR domain were detected. In Jersey cattle breed, a total of 21 polymorphisms were detected, in which 52% were synonymous and 48% were non-synonymous. Protein analysis showed that 15 mutations were observed in region specifying the Extracellular domain, three in Trans-membrane domain and three polymorphisms in TLR domain. The finding of this research revealed that detected polymorphisms may be associated with PAMPs mediated di?erential TLR signaling of bovine immunity and could determine the outcome of infection.