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Functional Analysis of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Superfamily in Solanaceae.

Thesis Info

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Author

Iftikhar, Hira

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Sciences & Technology

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Bio sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10660/1/Hira%20Iftikhar_Applied%20Biosci_2018_NUST_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676726243618

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an essential gene superfamily with central roles in plant signaling. In plants, their functions include growth, development and stress response. It is divided into three families which control various cellular processes. The current study was focused on identification of MAP Kinases (MPKs), MAPK Kinases (MKKs) and MAPK Kinase Kinases (MAPKKK) from economically important crops of Solanaceae (tomato, potato, eggplant, pepper and tobacco) along with a syntenic species from Rubiaceae (wild coffee), based on their conserved domains and signature motifs. Multiple sequence alignments were performed and heat plots were generated. Phylogenetic trees were constructed via neighbor joining and maximum likelihood methods. Homology modeling was performed and the resulting threedimensional structures were refined and optimized. Structural superimpositions were performed. Protein-lipid interactions were tested by dockings. Protein-protein interactions were tested using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and the results were visualized via confocal microscopy. Based on high sequence similarities, the total number of genes identified as MAPKs were 89 in tomato, 108 in potato, 63 in eggplant, 79 in pepper, 64 in coffee and 162 in tetraploid tobacco. All genes in tomato, potato, pepper and coffee spread uniformly on their chromosomes. Grouping of various genes in the phylogenetic trees was in accordance with the homologous Arabidopsis MAPKs. High sequence similarities led to high structural similarity in Constitutive Triple Response 1 protein in tomato, potato, eggplant, pepper and coffee. Phosphoglycerides, natural lipids in plants, were found to form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with this protein. MPKs and MKKs in tomato and pepper were seen to show interactions via strong fluorescence signals in the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. MPK3 interacted with MKK2 and MKK5, and similar interactions were observed for MPK4 in both pepper and tomato. Hence, it was confirmed that multiple MPKs interact with a single MKK, and vice versa. The MAPKs thus form a complex interactome in the cell. This study would be helpful in future studies on MAPK functions in order to understand the cellular mechanisms at protein levels under various environmental conditions and this knowledge would be utilized for generating better crop varieties to achieve higher yield.
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چور دی مدد

چور دی مدد

اک دفعہ دا ذکر اے کہ اک شہر وچ اک عورت رہندی سی۔ اچا لماں تے گورا رنگ تے چنگی موٹی۔ اوہ بیوٹی پارلر دا کم کردی سی تے اکثر رات نوں لیٹ دکان بند کر دی سی۔

اک رات اوس گیاراں وجے اپنی دکان بند کیتی تے اپنا بیگ موہڈیاں تے پاء کے اپنے گھر ول جا رہی سی۔ سڑک اتے اک تھاں اتے ہنیرا سی۔ جس دا فائدہ چکدے ہویا اک پندراں سالاں دے منڈے نے اوس کولوں بیگ کھوہن دی کوشش کیتی۔ اوہ منڈ اپنی کوشش کامیاب ہو گیا پر نس دے ہوئے ٹھیڈا لگن نال اوہ ڈگا تے اوس زنانی نے اوس نوں گریبان توں پھڑ لیا۔ اوس نوں کافی جٹکے دتے جس پاروں اوہدیاں اکھاںباہر آگئیاں۔ اوس نوں اپنا ساہ گھٹ دا ہویا لگا تے اوہ نڈھال ہو گیا۔ اوہ بہت ڈر گیا سی۔ لوک اوس نوں ویکھ رہے سن پر عورت دے غصے سامنے کسے نوں جرأت نئیں سی پے رہی کہ اوہ چھڈن دا آکھن۔

عورت اوس نوں گھسیٹ دی ہوئی زبردستی اپنے نال گھر لے آئی۔ اوس منڈے کولوں پچھیا کہ تیری کیہڑی مجبوری اے جس تینوں ایہہ حرکت کرن تے مجبور کیتا اے۔ اوس آکھیا کہ میرا تعلق اک غریب گھرانے نال اے۔ میرا والد پنج سال پہلے فوت ہو گیا تے ماں لوکاں دے گھر کم کر کے اساڈا ڈھڈ بھر دی اے۔ میرے کول جیہڑے بوٹ سن اوہ ٹٹ گئے نیں۔ جس پاروں میرے پیراں نوں ٹھنڈا بہت لگدی اے۔ میں جس دکان اتے کم کردا آں۔ مالک نوں آکھیا مینوں نویں بوٹ لے دے۔ اوس مینوں ماریا تے آکھیا کہ ہن توں نویں بوٹ لین لئی میری دکان توں چوری کریں گا۔ ایس لئی تینوں نوکری توں جواب اے۔ اوس میری تنخواہ دے...

EXPLORING THE PREVALENCE OF NEUROPATHIC HAND PAIN AMONG YOUNG ADULTS AND ITS IMPACT ON HAND FUNCTION

Background and Aims: To explore the prevalence of neuropathic hand pain in young adults and how it affects hand functionality. Methodology: A convenience sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional study on 192 medical students aged 18 to 28 years from October 2022 to March 2023. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of neuropathic hand pain in young adults and how it affects hand functionality. Both the Duruoz Hand Index and the Douleur Neuropathique Four Questionnaire were used. Results: This study included 192 participants, the majority of whom were females (84%) and aged 20-24 years. 16.1% of participants reported having had surgery or an injury to their upper limb in the past. Participants described neuropathic pain symptoms such as electric shocks (21.4%), burning pain (18.2%), and painful cold (15.6%). Limitations and Future Implications: A small sample size and a focus on a particular group of medical students may restrict the generalizability of the findings. To improve the generalizability of the findings, future research should replicate these findings using larger sample sizes and diverse populations. Insights into the development and chronicity of neuropathic hand pain in young adults may also come from longitudinal studies. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the prevalence of neuropathic hand pain in young adults and how it affects hand functionality. Female participants were more likely to experience pain and functional hand impairments.

Projective and Curvature Symmetries in Non-Static Spacetimes

The aim of this thesis is to study the projective and curvature symmetries in non-static spacetimes. A study of non-static spherically symmetric, non-static plane symmetric, non-static cylindrically symmetric and special non-static axially symmetric spacetimes according to their proper curvature collineations (CCS) is given by using the rank of the 6 × 6 Riemann matrix and direct integration techniques. We consider the non-static spherically symmetric spacetimes to investigate proper CCS. It has been shown that when the above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they turn out to be static spherically symmetric and form an infinite dimensional vector space. In the non- static cases CCS are just Killing vector fields. In case of non-static plane symmetric spacetimes, it has been shown that when above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they form an infinite dimensional vector space. We consider the non-static cylindrically symmetric and special non-static axially symmetric spacetimes to study the proper CCS. It has been investigated that when above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they also form an infinite dimensional vector space. We consider the special non-static plane symmetric spacetimes to investigate proper projective collineations. Following an approach developed by G. Shabbir in [39], which basically consists of some algebraic and direct integration techniques to study proper projective collineations in the above spacetimes. It has been shown that when the above spacetimes admit proper projective collineations, they become a very special class of the spacelike or timelike versions of FRW K=0 model.