روٹی سمجھ چنگیر والی چن ہو گئی
تھگڑی سو جو نال بدن ہو گئی
لگا عشق میں رن پرنا آندی
اگوں بالاں دی ادھی درجن ہو گئی
پردہ مکھ توں الٹیا جس ویلے
جھلک چودھویں دا ہک چن ہپو گئی
یونیورسٹی دی کڑی پرنا آندی
مکلاوا آندیاں سار ان بن ہو گئی
ترلے کرنا ایں کیوں وڈیریاں دے
ایڈی وڈی کہیڑی تینوں بھن ہو گئی
روندا آیا ایں تے روندا ٹر جاسیں
دنیا کتھوں ایہہ تیری سجن ہو گئی
بیوی لڑدی رہندی سی نال میرے
دتا خرچہ تے اوہ مکھن ہو گئی
پایا سوہنیاں نے صرف اک پھیرا
رونق ویکھ وچ کیویں چمن ہو گئی
دنیا مال نہ دولت کم کسے
دولت عمل دی نال کفن ہو گئی
والضحیٰ چہرہ والیل زلفاں
رحم دلی وی سنگ بدن ہو گئی
پنجابی لکھنا بولنا گھٹ ہویا
لگ دا پیا اے بے وطن ہو گئی
بچہ اپنا ہی سوہنا لگ دا اے
لگے سوہنی پرائی جو رن ہو گئی
تناں شئیاں توں اصل وچ ھین جھگڑے
زر، زمین تے تیسری زن ہو گئی
In the field of Defective Narrations or Ahādith Mu'allah, collection and study of chains and tracks have great importance. It is this process in which the difference in the texts and chains of narrations comes to the surface and their defects become evident. This difference in text and chains has different types, like: Waṣl wa Irsāl: the presence or the absence of a narrator in the chain of a narration. Raf' wa Waqf: attribution of a narration to the Prophet (PBUH) or to his companion. Addition or Deletion in the text or in the chain of a narration Sometimes, a narration has more than one types of differences. To determine the preference among the differences of the said types, scholars of Hadith (muḥaddithīn) have to use Presumptions of Preference or Qarā'in al-Tarjīḥ. Some of these presumptions are common among the hadith scholars known as Common Presumptions or Qarā'in Aghlabiyah. The present research discusses these presumptions with examples in light of the book al-'Ilal al-Wāridah fi al- Ahādith al-Nabawiyah authored by Imām al-Dārqutnī.
Objective: This was a prospective analytic study that aimed to compare the agreement between CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA/CTV) and ultrasonography (US) for diagnosis of thromboembolic disease and determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the 2 tests using the presence of thromboembolic disease as a reference standard.
Methods: 76 consecutive patients who were referred for CTPA at the Radiology department of Aga Khan University Hospital over an 8 month period between December 2008 and July 2009 were included in the study. All the patients underwent combined CTPA/CTV according to the usual departmental protocol. They subsequently had bilateral lower limb duplex US within 24 hours of the CTPA/CTV study. Results for the presence or absence of DVT were analyzed for both CTV and US. Presence of thromboembolic disease was defined by a composite reference standard and this was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for both tests.
Results: 73 patients were included in the final analysis. The 2 imaging tests had similar results in 62 (84.93%) patients; CTV was positive and US was negative in 7 (9.6%) patients, while CTV was negative and US was positive in 4 (5.5%) patients. There was a moderate level of agreement (k= 0.528) between CTV and US for detection of DVT. CTV had a much higher sensitivity (94.1%), specificity (100%), PPV (100%), NPV (98.2%) compared to US (58.9%, 94.6%, 76.9%, 88.3% respectively) when the presence of thromboembolic disease was used as a reference standard.
Conclusion: CTV has higher sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for detection of asymptomatic DVT compared to US when the presence of venous thromboembolic disease is used as a reference standard. Therefore, in patients suspected to have PE, CTV can be used to detect DVT without an additional duplex US examination.